Blocklace：一种抗拜占庭且通用的无冲突复制数据类型
The Blocklace: A Byzantine-repelling and Universal Conflict-free Replicated Data Type
AI总结：
本文提出Blocklace，一种基于偏序区块链的CRDT，通过签名哈希指针实现拜占庭容错，支持检测并排除恶意节点，确保其仅能影响有限计算前缀。
摘要：
无冲突复制数据类型（CRDT）旨在无需全局协调或共识的情况下实现副本收敛。近期研究通过基于内容加密哈希的类DAG结构，在拜占庭环境中实现了同样的目标。Blocklace是区块链的一种偏序泛化，其中每个区块可包含任意有限数量的指向前序区块的签名哈希指针。我们证明，仅通过添加单个区块这一操作，Blocklace数据类型即为一种CRDT：它既是一种带有自标记的纯基于操作的CRDT，也是增量框架轻微泛化下的增量状态CRDT。允许任意值作为负载时，Blocklace还可视为基于操作方法的任意CRDT的通用拜占庭容错实现。现有方法仅关注CRDT收敛，且容忍模棱两可（不检测或阻止模棱两可），使得拜占庭节点可通过无界数量的模棱两可污染CRDT状态，造成任意程度的损害。我们证明，Blocklace不仅可用于容忍模棱两可的方式，还能检测并最终排除拜占庭节点（包括模棱两可者），即使在存在不可检测的共谋者的情况下也是如此。Blocklace CRDT协议确保拜占庭节点仅能损害计算的有限前缀。
英文摘要：
Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are designed for replica convergence without global coordination or consensus. Recent work has achieved the same in a Byzantine environment, through DAG-like structures based on cryptographic hashes of content. The blocklace is a partially-ordered generalization of the blockchain in which each block has any finite number of signed hash pointers to preceding blocks. We show that the blocklace datatype, with the sole operation of adding a single block, is a CRDT: it is both a pure operation-based CRDT, with self-tagging; and a delta-state CRDT, under a slight generalization of the delta framework. Allowing arbitrary values as payload, the blocklace can also be seen as a universal Byzantine fault-tolerant implementation for arbitrary CRDTs, under the operation-based approach. Current approaches only care about CRDT convergence, being equivocation-tolerant (they do not detect or prevent equivocations), allowing a Byzantine node to cause an arbitrary amount of harm by polluting the CRDT state with an unbounded number of equivocations. We show that the blocklace can be used not only in an equivocation-tolerant way, but also so as to detect and eventually exclude Byzantine nodes, including equivocators, even under the presence of undetectable colluders. The blocklace CRDT protocol ensures that a Byzantine node may harm only a finite prefix of the computation.
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