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arXiv 2402.06591cs.FLcs.LO
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带有一条新增转移的随机确定性自动机

Random Deterministic Automata With One Added Transition

Arnaud Carayol, Philippe Duchon, Florent Koechlin, Cyril Nicaud

AI总结:

本文研究在随机确定性自动机上仅添加一条随机转移后,其识别语言的最小确定性自动机状态数仍以超多项式速度增长,并推广到终结状态概率依赖 n 的次线性情形。

摘要:

每一个能被非确定性有限自动机识别的语言都可以被确定性自动机识别,代价是状态数可能增加,在最坏情况下可以从 $n$ 个状态增加到 $2^n$ 个状态。本文在概率设定下研究这一经典结果:我们均匀随机地取一个具有 $n$ 个状态的确定性自动机,并只添加一条随机转移。这些自动机几乎是确定性的,因为在读取输入字母时只有一个状态具有非确定性选择。在我们的模型中,每个状态以固定概率成为终结状态。我们证明,对于任意 $d\geq 1$,以不可忽略的概率,由这样的自动机识别的语言的最小(确定性)自动机具有超过 $n^d$ 个状态;作为附带结果,其最小自动机的期望规模增长速度快于任何多项式。我们的结果在如下情形中也成立:每个状态以依赖于 $n$ 的某个概率成为终结状态,只要该概率不太接近 $0$ 和 $1$,精确地说,距离至少为 $Ω(\frac1{\sqrt{n}})$,因此允许期望终结状态数为次线性数量的模型。

英文摘要:

Every language recognized by a non-deterministic finite automaton can be recognized by a deterministic automaton, at the cost of a potential increase of the number of states, which in the worst case can go from $n$ states to $2^n$ states. In this article, we investigate this classical result in a probabilistic setting where we take a deterministic automaton with $n$ states uniformly at random and add just one random transition. These automata are almost deterministic in the sense that only one state has a non-deterministic choice when reading an input letter. In our model, each state has a fixed probability to be final. We prove that for any $d\geq 1$, with non-negligible probability the minimal (deterministic) automaton of the language recognized by such an automaton has more than $n^d$ states; as a byproduct, the expected size of its minimal automaton grows faster than any polynomial. Our result also holds when each state is final with some probability that depends on $n$, as long as it is not too close to $0$ and $1$, at distance at least $Ω(\frac1{\sqrt{n}})$ to be precise, therefore allowing models with a sublinear number of final states in expectation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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