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arXiv 2402.06000hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qc
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标准模型Higgs的兴衰:Kination期间的电弱真空稳定性

The Rise and Fall of the Standard-Model Higgs: Electroweak Vacuum Stability during Kination

Giorgio Laverda, Javier Rubio

AI总结:

本文研究了暴胀后动能主导期间非最小耦合标准模型Higgs的电弱真空稳定性,发现避免真空不稳定性对暴胀尺度设定了上下限约束,且Higgs本身可作为reheaton触发热大爆炸,这些约束支持较低的顶夸克质量。

摘要:

在本文中,我们研究了暴胀结束后进入动能主导阶段期间,非最小耦合的标准模型Higgs的真空稳定性。与曲率的非最小耦合在暴胀期间稳定了Higgs涨落,同时驱动它们在kination期间趋向不稳定性尺度,此时它们可以在经典上克服将假电弱真空与超普朗克场值下的真真空分隔开的势垒。避免标准模型真空的不稳定性对暴胀尺度设定了一个上限,该上限既取决于非最小相互作用的强度,也取决于顶夸克Yukawa耦合。如果引力产生的能量密度小于有效势垒的高度,则经典真空稳定性得到保证。有趣的是,由于快子阶段的爆炸性粒子产生,Higgs本身也可以被指定为负责热大爆炸时代开始的reheaton场的角色,从而对暴胀尺度设定了额外的下限 $\mathcal{H}_{\rm inf} \gtrsim 10^{5.5} \text{ GeV}$。总体而言,这些约束有利于顶夸克具有较低的质量,这与当前顶夸克极点质量的测量结果一致。我们基于标准模型Higgs自耦合的单圈和三圈运行进行了半解析分析,并利用arXiv:2307.03774中导出的基于格点的参数化公式研究了(再)加热阶段。对于特定的 $m_t=171.3 \text{ GeV}$ 选择,我们还通过经典格点模拟对参数空间进行了广泛的数值扫描,识别了稳定/不稳定区域,并支持了先前的解析论证。对于这一基准值,宇宙的加热在 $10^{-2} - 10^9 \text{ GeV}$ 范围内的温度下实现。

英文摘要:

In this paper we investigate the vacuum stability of the non-minimally coupled Standard-Model Higgs during a phase of kinetic domination following the end of inflation. The non-minimal coupling to curvature stabilises the Higgs fluctuations during inflation while driving them towards the instability scale during kination, when they can classically overcome the potential barrier separating the false electroweak vacuum from the true one at super-Planckian field values. Avoiding the instability of the Standard-Model vacuum sets an upper bound on the inflationary scale that depends both on the strength of the non-minimal interaction and on the top quark Yukawa coupling. Classical vacuum stability is guaranteed if the gravitationally-produced energy density is smaller than the height of barrier in the effective potential. Interestingly enough, thanks to the explosive particle production in the tachyonic phase, the Higgs itself can be also appointed to the role of reheaton field responsible for the onset of the hot Big Bang era, setting an additional lower bound on the inflationary scale $\mathcal{H}_{\rm inf} \gtrsim 10^{5.5} \text{ GeV}$. Overall, these constraints favour lower masses for the top quark, in agreement with the current measurements of the top quark pole mass. We perform our analysis semi-analytically in terms of the one-loop and three-loop running of the Standard-Model Higgs self-coupling and make use of lattice-based parametric formulas for studying the (re)heating phase derived in arXiv:2307.03774. For a specific choice of $m_t=171.3 \text{ GeV}$ we perform also an extensive numerical scanning of the parameter space via classical lattice simulations, identifying stable/unstable regions and supporting the previous analytical arguments. For this fiducial value, the heating of the Universe is achieved at temperatures in the range $10^{-2} - 10^9 \text{ GeV}$.

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