arXiv 2402.054902024-02-08physics.optics

探究并控制光机械系统中纳米粒子的摆动与旋转动力学

Investigating and Controlling the Libration and Rotation Dynamics of Nanoparticles in an Optomechanical System

Chaoxiong He, Jinchuan Wang, Ying Dong, Shaochong Zhu, Qianwen Ying, Yuanyuan Ma, Fu Feng, Zhangqi Yin, Cuihong Li, Huizhu Hu

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AI总结：

本文通过监测侧向散射光实时观察纳米粒子在光机械系统中的摆动-旋转转变，揭示其由各向异性极化正弦扭矩与吸收主导的恒定扭矩平衡驱动，实现弱扭矩传感和精确控制，助力量子效应研究。

摘要：

在光机械系统中，纳米粒子的摆动与旋转为超灵敏扭矩测量和宏观量子叠加提供了深刻见解。已有成果包括将摆动转变为高达6 GHz的旋转，以及将摆动冷却至毫开尔文温度。毋庸置疑，摆动和旋转分别由恢复性光学扭矩和恒定光学扭矩驱动。然而，这两种状态之间的转变机制仍需进一步探索。基于此视角，本文证明监测侧向散射光能够实时观察摆动/旋转转变及其相关的磁滞现象，随着捕获激光场椭圆度的变化。通过计算光学扭矩并求解朗之万方程，转变被关联到各向异性极化诱导的正弦光学扭矩与恒定扭矩之间的平衡，其中吸收被确定为恒定扭矩的主要贡献者。这些发现使得直接进行弱扭矩传感和旋转自由度中纳米粒子的精确控制成为可能，为研究非绝热相移和宏观量子叠加等量子效应铺平了道路，从而丰富了量子光机械研究。

英文摘要：

In optomechanical systems, the libration and rotation of nanoparticles offer profound insights for ultrasensitive torque measurement and macroscopic quantum superpositions. Achievements include transitioning libration to rotation up to 6 GHz and cooling libration to millikelvin temperatures. It is undoubted that the libration and rotation are respectively driven by restoring and constant optical torques. The transition mechanisms between these two states, however, demand further exploration. In this perspective, it is demonstrated in this manuscript that monitoring lateral-scattered light allows real-time observation of libration/rotation transitions and associated hysteresis as ellipticities of trapping laser fields vary. By calculating optical torques and solving the Langevin equation, transitions are linked to the balance between anisotropic-polarization-induced sinusoidal optical torques and constant ones, with absorption identified as the main contributor to constant torques. These findings enable direct weak torque sensing and precise nanoparticle control in rotational degrees, paving the way for studying quantum effects like nonadiabatic phase shifts and macroscopic quantum superpositions, thereby enriching quantum optomechanics research.

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