由病原体配体通过宿主种系编码受体触发的免疫原性细胞死亡
Immunogenic cell death triggered by pathogen ligands via host germ line-encoded receptors
AI总结：
本文综述病原体感染通过宿主种系编码受体触发免疫原性细胞死亡的机制，强调模式识别受体和炎症小体的核心作用，并揭示宿主与病原体在细胞死亡通路上的动态博弈与共同进化。
摘要：
细胞死亡的策略性诱导是宿主细胞内清除病原体感染的关键免疫防御机制。研究免疫原性细胞通路背后的分子机制，显著增进了我们对宿主免疫的理解。本综述全面概述了病原体感染触发的免疫原性细胞死亡机制，重点关注模式识别受体的关键作用。在应对感染时，宿主细胞决定多种细胞死亡通路，包括凋亡、焦亡、坏死和溶酶体细胞死亡，这些通路对于增强免疫反应和控制病原体传播至关重要。这些机制的关键组成部分是识别病原体相关配体的宿主细胞受体。这些受体激活下游信号级联反应，导致免疫调节基因的表达以及抗菌细胞因子和趋化因子的产生。特别是，炎症小体作为一种多蛋白复合物，通过处理促炎细胞因子和诱导焦亡性细胞死亡，在这些反应中发挥核心作用。反过来，病原体已进化出操纵这些细胞死亡通路的策略，要么通过抑制它们以促进自身复制，要么通过触发它们以逃避宿主防御。宿主免疫机制与病原体策略之间的这种动态相互作用，凸显了微生物毒力与宿主免疫之间复杂的共同进化关系。
英文摘要：
The strategic induction of cell death serves as a crucial immune defense mechanism for the eradication of pathogenic infections within host cells. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying immunogenic cell pathways has significantly enhanced our understanding of the host's immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immunogenic cell death mechanisms triggered by pathogen infections, focusing on the critical role of pattern recognition receptors. In response to infections, host cells dictate a variety of cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, and lysosomal cell death, which are essential for amplifying immune responses and controlling pathogen dissemination. Key components of these mechanisms are host cellular receptors that recognize pathogen-associated ligands. These receptors activate downstream signaling cascades, leading to the expression of immunoregulatory genes and the production of antimicrobial cytokines and chemokines. Particularly, the inflammasome, a multi-protein complex, plays a pivotal role in these responses by processing pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing pyroptotic cell death. Pathogens, in turn, have evolved strategies to manipulate these cell death pathways, either by inhibiting them to facilitate their replication or by triggering them to evade host defenses. This dynamic interplay between host immune mechanisms and pathogen strategies highlights the intricate co-evolution of microbial virulence and host immunity.
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