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arXiv 2402.02178astro-ph.HE
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双黑洞近距离飞掠Kerr超大质量黑洞的动力学与引力波信号

The dynamics and gravitational-wave signal of a binary flying closely by a Kerr supermassive black hole

Zhongfu Zhang, Xian Chen

AI总结:

本研究模拟恒星质量双黑洞沿任意倾角抛物线轨道飞掠Kerr超大质量黑洞,发现潮汐不对称性激发更高离心率,产生可被多波段探测器同时捕获的引力波爆发,并导致有效自旋显著变化,凸显三体动力学丰富性及新数值工具的必要性。

摘要:

近年来的天体物理模型预测,恒星质量级双黑洞(BBHs)可能在超大质量黑洞(SMBH)的若干个引力半径范围内形成并并合。探测此类系统产生的引力波(GWs)需要能够跟踪双星动力学并捕捉所有关键相对论效应的数值工具。本研究在我们先前关于BBH在Kerr SMBH赤道面上沿圆轨道运动的研究基础上展开。此处我们修改数值方法,以模拟BBH沿任意倾角(相对于赤道)的抛物线轨道向SMBH坠落的过程。通过在与双星一同自由下落的参考系中跟踪其演化,我们发现BBH的离心率比先前赤道面情形下更容易被激发,其原因是当双星偏离赤道面运动时,施加在双星上的潮汐张量不对称。由于离心率在BBH最接近SMBH的同一时刻达到最大值,可能产生多波段引力波爆发,这些爆发可被空间和地面探测器同时探测到。我们进一步表明,此类引力波事件的有效自旋也会因内部BBH在与SMBH相互作用期间的快速重定向而发生显著变化。这些结果展示了强引力区域中三体动力学的丰富性,并强调了构建新数值工具以模拟此类系统的必要性。

英文摘要:

Recent astrophysical models predict that stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) could form and coalesce within a few gravitational radii of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Detecting the gravitational waves (GWs) from such systems requires numerical tools which can track the dynamics of the binaries while capturing all the essential relativistic effects. This work develops upon our earlier study of a BBH moving along a circular orbit in the equatorial plane of a Kerr SMBH. Here we modify the numerical method to simulate a BBH falling toward the SMBH along a parabolic orbit of arbitrary inclination with respect to the equator. By tracking the evolution in a frame freely falling alongside the binary, we find that the eccentricity of the BBH is more easily excited than it is in the previous equatorial case, and that the cause is the asymmetry of the tidal tensor imposed on the binary when the binary moves out of the equatorial plane. Since the eccentricity reaches maximum around the same time that the BBH becomes the closest to the SMBH, multi-band GW bursts could be produced which are simultaneously detectable by the space- and ground-based detectors. We show that the effective spins of such GW events also undergo significant variation due to the rapid reorientation of the inner BBHs during their interaction with SMBHs. These results demonstrate the richness of three-body dynamics in the region of strong gravity, and highlight the necessity of building new numerical tools to simulate such systems.

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