为什么你认为它是一个黑洞？
Why Do You Think It is a Black Hole?
摘要：
本文分析了事件视界望远镜（EHT）合作组织在2019年提出的实验，该实验揭示了M87星系中心超大质量黑洞的第一张图像。EHT协作组提出的第一个问题是：M87星系中心的紧凑物体是什么？它有地平线吗？是克尔黑洞吗？为了回答这些问题，EHT协作组首先认可了工作假设，即中心天体是克尔度规描述的一个黑洞，即经典广义相对论预言的旋转克尔黑洞。他们选择这个假设是基于之前对星系M87的研究和观察。在采用克尔黑洞假设后，EHT合作组继续对其进行测试。他们将这一假设与2017年EHT实验中收集的数据进行了对比。然后他们将克尔旋转黑洞假说与其他解释进行了比较，最终发现他们的假说与数据一致。在本文中，我描述了复杂的方法来测试自旋克尔黑洞假设。最后，我讨论了本文中所提出的关于霍金辐射的研究结果的意义。
英文摘要：
This paper analyzes the experiment presented in 2019 by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration that unveiled the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87. The very first question asked by the EHT Collaboration was: What is the compact object at the center of galaxy M87? Does it have a horizon? Is it a Kerr black hole? In order to answer these questions, the EHT Collaboration first endorsed the working hypothesis that the central object is a black hole described by the Kerr metric, i.e. a spinning Kerr black hole as predicted by classical general relativity. They chose this hypothesis based on previous research and observations of the galaxy M87. After having adopted the Kerr black hole hypothesis, the EHT Collaboration proceeded to test it. They confronted this hypothesis with the data collected in the 2017 EHT experiment. They then compared the Kerr rotating black hole hypothesis with alternative explanations and finally found that their hypothesis was consistent with the data. In this paper, I describe the complex methods used to test the spinning Kerr black hole hypothesis. I conclude this paper with a discussion of the implications of the findings presented here with respect to Hawking radiation.
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