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arXiv 2402.01741cs.CLcs.AI
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面向12个临床专科用药安全的新型基于大语言模型的临床决策支持系统的开发与测试

Development and Testing of a Novel Large Language Model-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems for Medication Safety in 12 Clinical Specialties

Singapore General Hospital(新加坡中央医院);Duke-NUS Medical School(杜克-新加坡国立大学医学院);Singapore National Eye Centre(新加坡全国眼科中心);Singapore Eye Research Institute(新加坡眼科研究所);Singapore Health Services(新加坡保健服务)
Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong, Liyuan Jin, Kabilan Elangovan, Gilbert Yong San Lim, Daniel Yan Zheng Lim, Gerald Gui Ren Sng, Yuhe Ke, Joshua Yi Min Tung, Ryan Jian Zh… 展开作者

Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong, Liyuan Jin, Kabilan Elangovan, Gilbert Yong San Lim, Daniel Yan Zheng Lim, Gerald Gui Ren Sng, Yuhe Ke, Joshua Yi Min Tung, Ryan Jian Zhong, Christopher Ming Yao Koh, Keane Zhi Hao Lee, Xiang Chen, Jack Kian Chng, Aung Than, Ken Junyang Goh, Daniel Shu Wei Ting

AI总结:

本研究开发并测试了基于RAG-LLM的临床决策支持系统,发现在辅助模式下与初级药师协同能显著提高跨12个专科的用药错误识别准确率,尤其在检测严重药物相关问题方面表现优异。

摘要:

重要性:我们引入了一种新型的检索增强生成(RAG)-大语言模型(LLM)框架作为临床决策支持系统(CDSS),以支持安全的处方开具。目的:评估基于LLM的CDSS在正确识别来自不同内外科子学科的病历案例中用药错误方面的有效性,并与人类专家组得出的基准真相进行对比。我们比较了两种不同的CDSS实际医疗保健集成模式下的性能:仅基于LLM的CDSS(完全自主模式)对比初级药师+基于LLM的CDSS(co-pilot,辅助模式)。设计、环境与参与者:利用带有最先进医疗相关LLM(GPT-4、Gemini Pro 1.0和Med-PaLM 2)的RAG模型,本研究将61个处方错误场景嵌入到涵盖12个不同内外科专科的23个复杂临床案例中。多学科专家组使用PCNE分类法评估这些病例的药物相关问题(DRPs),并使用修订后的NCC MERP用药错误指数对严重程度/潜在危害进行分级。我们进行了比较。结果:与单独使用LLM相比,RAG-LLM表现更好。在co-pilot模式下使用时,准确率、召回率和F1分数均得到优化,表明其在识别中度至重度DRPs方面的有效性。使用RAG-LLM进行DRP检测的准确率在多个类别中有所提升,但以较低的精确率为代价。结论:本研究表明,与初级药师协同使用(co-pilot)时,基于RAG-LLM的CDSS显著提高了用药错误识别的准确率,在检测严重DRPs方面有显著改善。本研究还阐明了当前最先进的LLM在基于RAG的CDSS系统中的比较性能。

英文摘要:

Importance: We introduce a novel Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-Large Language Model (LLM) framework as a Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) to support safe medication prescription. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of LLM-based CDSS in correctly identifying medication errors in different patient case vignettes from diverse medical and surgical sub-disciplines, against a human expert panel derived ground truth. We compared performance for under 2 different CDSS practical healthcare integration modalities: LLM-based CDSS alone (fully autonomous mode) vs junior pharmacist + LLM-based CDSS (co-pilot, assistive mode). Design, Setting, and Participants: Utilizing a RAG model with state-of-the-art medically-related LLMs (GPT-4, Gemini Pro 1.0 and Med-PaLM 2), this study used 61 prescribing error scenarios embedded into 23 complex clinical vignettes across 12 different medical and surgical specialties. A multidisciplinary expert panel assessed these cases for Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) using the PCNE classification and graded severity / potential for harm using revised NCC MERP medication error index. We compared. Results RAG-LLM performed better compared to LLM alone. When employed in a co-pilot mode, accuracy, recall, and F1 scores were optimized, indicating effectiveness in identifying moderate to severe DRPs. The accuracy of DRP detection with RAG-LLM improved in several categories but at the expense of lower precision. Conclusions This study established that a RAG-LLM based CDSS significantly boosts the accuracy of medication error identification when used alongside junior pharmacists (co-pilot), with notable improvements in detecting severe DRPs. This study also illuminates the comparative performance of current state-of-the-art LLMs in RAG-based CDSS systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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