在编程课程中通过早期预警系统发现并支持困难学生
Toward Finding and Supporting Struggling Students in a Programming Course with an Early Warning System
AI总结：
本研究开发早期预警系统，通过评估认知技能预测编程课程学生失败风险，并验证语法练习的积极效果，以支持困难学生。
摘要：
背景：编程技能对于在当今社会中导航是有利的，因此向学生传授这些技能非常重要。然而，编程课程的不及格率很高，尤其是在入门编程课程中早期落后的学生往往持续落后。目标：为了尽早发现这些学生，我们旨在开发一个早期预警系统，以便我们能够为学生提供支持，例如以语法练习（drill-and-practice）的形式。方法：为了开发早期预警系统，我们评估了入门编程课程学生的不同认知技能。在课程中的多个时间点，学生完成测试，以测量他们建立编程心智模型的能力、语言技能、注意力和流体智力。然后，我们评估了这些技能在多大程度上预测学生是否获得编程技能。此外，我们评估了语法练习如何提高学生获得编程技能。发现：大多数认知技能可以在一定程度上预测学生是否获得编程技能。特别是早期建立编程心智模型的能力和语言技能似乎相关。流体智力也显示出预测能力，但似乎与建立心智模型的能力相当。此外，我们发现语法练习对课程成功有显著的积极影响。启示：我们提出的早期预警系统初步建议包括少数易于应用的测试，这些测试可以整合到编程课程中，甚至可以在课程开始前应用。因此，在编程课程开始时，可以识别出有失败高风险的学生，并提供支持，例如以语法练习的形式，帮助学生发展编程技能。
英文摘要：
Background: Programming skills are advantageous to navigate today's society, so it is important to teach them to students. However, failure rates for programming courses are high, and especially students who fall behind early in introductory programming courses tend to stay behind. Objective: To catch these students as early as possible, we aim to develop an early warning system, so we can offer the students support, for example, in the form of syntax drill-and-practice exercises. Method: To develop the early warning system, we assess different cognitive skills of students of an introductory programming course. On several points in time over the course, students complete tests that measure their ability to develop a mental model of programming, language skills, attention, and fluid intelligence. Then, we evaluated to what extent these skills predict whether students acquire programming skills. Additionally, we assess how syntax drill-and-practice exercises improve how students acquire programming skill. Findings: Most of the cognitive skills can predict whether students acquire programming skills to a certain degree. Especially the ability to develop an early mental model of programming and language skills appear to be relevant. Fluid intelligence also shows predictive power, but appears to be comparable with the ability to develop a mental model. Furthermore, we found a significant positive effect of the syntax drill-and-practice exercises on the success of a course. Implications: Our first suggestion of an early warning system consists of few, easy-to-apply tests that can be integrated in programming courses or applied even before a course starts. Thus, with the start of a programming course, students who are at high risk of failing can be identified and offered support, for example, in the form of syntax drill-and-practice exercises to help students to develop programming skills.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
