反应堆中微子探测器几种几何结构的方向响应
Directional Response of Several Geometries for Reactor-Neutrino Detectors
AI总结：
本研究通过模拟六种吨级低能电子反中微子探测器设计，比较其反β衰变探测及反中微子源方向分辨能力，发现最优方案角分辨率达几度级（优于现有水平至少两倍），可用于反应堆监测与核不扩散。
摘要：
我们报告了六种低能电子反中微子探测器设计的模拟研究，旨在确定它们对反中微子源方向的分辨能力。此类目标质量为吨级的探测器非常适合在距堆芯5至25米的距离处进行反应堆监测，可提供反应堆运行功率、燃料混合比和燃耗的精确测量，还能在国际原子能机构（IAEA）使用的非接触合作反应堆场景中提供无与伦比的核不扩散信息。目前全球多个团队正在开展项目，开发与本研究中部分设计相似的探测器。本文研究并比较了几种探测器几何结构的方法，不仅关注其探测反β衰变（IBD）反应的能力，还关注其确定入射反中微子源方向的能力。这些探测器的信息有助于了解反应堆功率和燃烧剖面，这在限制秘密武器材料生产方面尤其有用。在实际部署中，核不扩散探测器必须能够从大量更大功率的反应堆中分离出目标反应堆，方向灵敏度对此任务大有帮助。我们还讨论了此类探测器在反应堆长距离观测（从几公里到数百公里）中的应用意义。我们对六种抽象探测器设计进行了建模，其中两种有运行数据可用于验证我们的计算机建模和分析过程。研究发现，无论规模和范围如何，最有前景的方案其角分辨率约为几度，比目前实际达到的水平至少好两倍。
英文摘要：
We report simulation studies of six low-energy electron-antineutrino detector designs, with the goal of determining their ability to resolve the direction to an antineutrino source. Such detectors with target masses on the one-ton scale are well-suited to reactor monitoring at distances of 5--25 meters from the core. They can provide accurate measurements of reactor operating power, fuel mix, and burnup, as well as unsurpassed nuclear non-proliferation information in a non-contact cooperating reactor scenario such as those used by IAEA. A number of groups around the world are working on programs to develop detectors similar to some of those in this study. Here, we examine and compare several approaches to detector geometry for their ability not only to detect the inverse beta decay (IBD) reaction, but also to determine the source direction of incident antineutrinos. The information from these detectors provides insight into reactor power and burning profile, which is especially useful in constraining the clandestine production of weapons material. In a live deployment, a non-proliferation detector must be able to isolate the subject reactor, possibly from a field of much-larger power reactors; directional sensitivity can help greatly with this task. We also discuss implications for using such detectors in longer-distance observation of reactors, from a few km to hundreds of km. We have modeled six abstracted detector designs, including two for which we have operational data for validating our computer modeling and analytical processes. We have found that the most promising options, regardless of scale and range, have angular resolutions on the order of a few degrees, which is better than any yet achieved in practice by a factor of at least two.
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