广域核材料搜索中的新兴技术与方法
Emerging Technologies and Methods in Wide-Area Search for Nuclear Materials
AI总结：
本文探讨了新兴技术在核材料广域搜索中的应用，包括无人系统、硅光电倍增管和高性能计算在核安全响应中的作用。
摘要：
加拿大作为一级核国家，参与铀矿开采和提炼，运营核能反应堆，并制定了小型模块化反应堆行动计划，维护着严格的核安全基础设施。加拿大自然资源部的核应急响应团队履行联邦在高敏感空气和地面移动调查中的职责，以预防、检测和响应。存在一个稳健的操作框架，用于部署传统的大型体积NaI(Tl)基检测套件。同时，一个研究部门研究新兴非核技术，以增强操作团队的能力。本文讨论了无人移动系统在核安全和应急响应操作中的潜力。介绍了新技术如硅光电倍增管、伽马成像仪和自屏蔽方向探测器的影响，并讨论了高性能计算在系统响应函数建模中的应用。最后，展示了一种能力，可以将源的位置推断到远离调查轨迹的区域。推断方法包括将测量误差传播到推断区域，这是核响应操作员必须了解的信息，以确定某个区域是否确实无放射性。
英文摘要：
Canada, a Tier 1 nuclear nation involved in uranium mining and refining, operating nuclear power reactors, and with a Small Modular Reactor action plan, maintains a rigorous nuclear security infrastructure. The Nuclear Emergency Response team at Natural Resources Canada fulfills federal mandates in high-sensitivity air- and ground-based mobile survey for prevention, detection and response. A robust operational framework exists for deployment of traditional large-volume NaI(Tl)-based detection suites. At the same time, a research arm examines emerging non-nuclear technologies which can enhance the capabilities of the operational team. Herein, the potential for uncrewed mobile systems in nuclear security and emergency response operations is discussed. The impact of new technologies such as silicon photomultipliers, gamma imagers and self-shielding directional detectors is presented, and the use of high-performance computing in modelling of system response functions is discussed. Finally, a capability to extrapolate to the location of a source some distance away from a survey trajectory is shown. The extrapolation method includes propagation of the measurement error to the extrapolated region, essential information for nuclear response operators to know if a region is actually clear of radioactivity or not.
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