理解网络危害相关经历与担忧中的性别差异：一项针对英国成年人的全国代表性调查简报
Understanding gender differences in experiences and concerns surrounding online harms: A short report on a nationally representative survey of UK adults
AI总结：
本研究通过对2000名英国成年人的全国代表性调查发现，男女网络危害整体接触程度相当，但女性对各类危害的恐惧更高、网络行为参与舒适度更低，或加剧公共话语权性别不平等，为推动网络空间性别平等提供依据。
摘要：
网络危害，如仇恨言论、虚假信息、骚扰以及自我伤害推广，目前仍普遍存在。虽有部分研究表明女性受此类危害的影响不成比例，但其他研究几乎未发现整体暴露程度存在性别差异的证据。本文呈现了一项针对英国成年人的大型全国代表性调查（样本量N=2000）的初步结果。我们询问了受访者对15种特定危害的暴露情况，以及对暴露于危害的恐惧程度，还有参与特定网络行为的舒适度。尽管男性和女性报告的整体网络危害接触程度大致相当，但我们发现，女性对我们调查的每一种危害的经历恐惧程度都显著更高，且参与数种网络行为的舒适度显著更低。值得注意的是，仅24%的女性表示在网上表达政治观点时感到自在，而男性的这一比例接近40%，质疑特定内容的整体比例也呈现类似差异。我们的研究表明，有害网络内容的扩散可能给女性带来额外的心理负担，她们需要做更多的“安全工作”来保护自己。由于大量公共讨论发生在网上，如果女性因过于恐惧而不敢参与，公共话语权中的性别不平等可能会持续存在。我们的研究结果十分重要，因为要在社会中建立更广泛的平等，我们必须采取措施确保所有成员都能感到安全并能够参与网络空间。
英文摘要：
Online harms, such as hate speech, misinformation, harassment and self-harm promotion, continue to be widespread. While some work suggests that women are disproportionately affected by such harms, other studies find little evidence for gender differences in overall exposure. Here, we present preliminary results from a large, nationally representative survey of UK adults (N = 2000). We asked about exposure to 15 specific harms, along with fears surrounding exposure and comfort engaging in certain online behaviours. While men and women report seeing online harms to a roughly equal extent overall, we find that women are significantly more fearful of experiencing every type of harm that we asked about, and are significantly less comfortable partaking in several online behaviours. Strikingly, just 24% of women report being comfortable expressing political opinions online compared with almost 40% of men, with similar overall proportions for challenging certain content. Our work suggests that women may suffer an additional psychological burden in response to the proliferation of harmful online content, doing more 'safety work' to protect themselves. With much public discourse happening online, gender inequality in public voice is likely to be perpetuated if women feel too fearful to participate. Our results are important because to establish greater equality in society, we must take measures to ensure all members feel safe and able to participate in the online space.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
