为什么不是现在？创业意向中的预期时机
Why not now? Intended timing in entrepreneurial intentions
AI总结：
本文基于GUESSS项目851名应届毕业生样本，运用TPB和结构方程模型考察创业预期时机的调节作用，揭示快速创业者与等待型创业者的显著差异。
摘要：
目的：鉴于创业意向是创业过程的第一步，理解其形成至关重要。尽管创业意向已得到广泛研究，但未来创业项目的预期时机却很少受到关注。本文依据创业的时间框架，分析大学应届毕业生在毕业后的创业意向，并运用计划行为理论（TPB）比较潜在的快速创业者与等待型创业者。方法：针对参与GUESSS项目、具有创业意向的851名大学应届毕业生样本，采用基于方差的结构方程建模方法。结果：所得结果有助于理解创业意向如何形成，尤其是预期时机如何在TPB理论模型各变量之间的关系中发挥调节作用。本研究提供的经验证据表明，潜在快速创业者与等待型创业者之间存在显著差异。实践意义：研究结果对创业教育具有实践启示，可帮助政策制定者制定更有效的政策和项目以促进创业。原创性：基于意向的模型传统上考察的是创建新企业的意向，而非时机。然而，从创业意向形成到识别商业机会之间所经历的时间可能差异很大。因此，分析预期时机的调节作用可能与创业意向研究密切相关。
英文摘要：
Purpose: Understanding the formation of entrepreneurial intentions is critical, given that it is the first step in the entrepreneurial process. Although entrepreneurial intention has been extensively studied, little attention has been paid on the intended timing of future entrepreneurial projects. This paper analyses entrepreneurial intentions among final-year university students after graduation in terms of the timeframe to start a business. Potentially rapid entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs-in-waiting were compared using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Methodology: A variance-based structural equation modelling approach was used for the sample of 851 final-year university students with entrepreneurial intentions who participated in GUESSS project. Findings: The results obtained contribute to the understanding of how entrepreneurial intentions are formed, particularly, how intended timing plays a moderating role in the relationships of the variables of the theoretical model of TPB. This study provides empirical evidence that significant differences exist between potential rapid entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs-in-waiting. Practical implications: The findings of this study have practical implications for entrepreneurship education, and they can help policy makers develop more effective policies and programs to promote entrepreneurship. Originality: Intention-based models have traditionally examined the intent -- but not the timing -- of new venture creation. However, the time elapsed between the formation of the entrepreneurial intent and the identification of a business opportunity can vary considerably. Therefore, analysing the moderating role of intended timing could be relevant to entrepreneurial intention research.
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