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arXiv 2401.09641cs.LGmath.STq-bio.NCstat.MEstat.TH
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用于因果发现的函数型线性非高斯无环模型

Functional Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model for Causal Discovery

Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University(大阪大学工学研究科);Department of Statistics, Operations, and Data Science(统计学、运营与数据科学系);Machine Learning Department(机器学习系);Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学);Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence(穆罕默德·本·拉希德智能大学)

Tian-Le Yang, Kuang-Yao Lee, Kun Zhang, Joe Suzuki

AI总结:

本文提出函数型线性非高斯无环模型(Func-LiNGAM),将因果发现扩展至无限维函数数据,并利用函数型主成分分析解决稀疏性问题,在合成数据和fMRI数据上验证了其有效性。

摘要:

在因果发现中,非高斯性已被用于刻画线性非高斯无环模型(LiNGAM)的完整配置,包括变量的因果顺序及其各自的连接强度。然而,LiNGAM仅能处理有限维情形。为扩展这一概念,我们将变量的概念推广至包含向量甚至函数,从而提出函数型线性非高斯无环模型(Func-LiNGAM)。我们的动机源于识别脑有效连接任务中的因果关系,例如涉及fMRI和EEG数据集的任务。我们论证了原始LiNGAM为何无法处理这些本质上无限维的数据集,并从经验和理论两个角度解释了函数型数据分析的适用性。我们建立了在无限维希尔伯特空间中非高斯随机向量乃至随机函数之间因果关系可识别性的理论保证。为解决内在无限维函数型数据中离散时间点的稀疏性问题,我们提出利用函数型主成分分析来优化向量的坐标。在合成数据上的实验结果验证了所提框架利用观测样本识别多元函数间因果关系的能力。对于真实数据,我们重点分析了由fMRI数据导出的脑连接模式。

英文摘要:

In causal discovery, non-Gaussianity has been used to characterize the complete configuration of a Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model (LiNGAM), encompassing both the causal ordering of variables and their respective connection strengths. However, LiNGAM can only deal with the finite-dimensional case. To expand this concept, we extend the notion of variables to encompass vectors and even functions, leading to the Functional Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model (Func-LiNGAM). Our motivation stems from the desire to identify causal relationships in brain-effective connectivity tasks involving, for example, fMRI and EEG datasets. We demonstrate why the original LiNGAM fails to handle these inherently infinite-dimensional datasets and explain the availability of functional data analysis from both empirical and theoretical perspectives. {We establish theoretical guarantees of the identifiability of the causal relationship among non-Gaussian random vectors and even random functions in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.} To address the issue of sparsity in discrete time points within intrinsic infinite-dimensional functional data, we propose optimizing the coordinates of the vectors using functional principal component analysis. Experimental results on synthetic data verify the ability of the proposed framework to identify causal relationships among multivariate functions using the observed samples. For real data, we focus on analyzing the brain connectivity patterns derived from fMRI data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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