由最多三种不同粒径颗粒组成的重力驱动胶体混合物中的条带形成
Lane formation in gravitationally driven colloid mixtures consisting of up to three different particle sizes
AI总结：
本文通过布朗动力学模拟研究重力驱动的二元及三元胶体混合物在二维微通道中的条带形成，发现驱动力差异诱导非平衡相变，并揭示三元系统存在条带形成的最佳中等粒径区间，同时发现细条带长期不稳定且与颗粒沿通道的非均匀分布相关。
摘要：
利用布朗动力学模拟研究远离热力学平衡的分离现象。本研究在二元胶体混合物分析的基础上，进一步引入第三种颗粒组分，以加深对胶体系统的理解。重力驱动的球形胶体浸没在隐式溶剂中，被限制在二维线性微通道内。胶体之间的相互作用采用Weeks-Chandler-Andersen势建模，胶体的限制通过基于半空间Smoluchowski方程解的硬壁实现。在二元和三元胶体系统中，通过改变胶体尺寸但保持质量密度固定来实现驱动力的差异。我们观察到，在二元和三元系统中，驱动力差异都会诱导向条带的非平衡相变。对于三元系统，我们研究了条带形成趋势与中等尺寸胶体直径的关系。在此，我们发现了三元系统中条带形成的甜点区。此外，我们研究了通道壁处两种不同尺寸胶体的相互作用。最近，我们观察到受驱动的大胶体将较小的胶体推向壁面，这导致在模拟早期壁面处形成小颗粒条带。在本工作中，我们进一步发现细条带是不稳定的，并在非常长的时间尺度内溶解。此外，我们观察到条带形成与颗粒沿通道长度方向非均匀分布之间的联系。这种非均匀分布要么伴随条带形成出现，要么出现在共享条带（即由两种胶体类型组成的条带）中。
英文摘要：
Brownian dynamics simulations are utilized to study segregation phenomena far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In the present study, we expand upon the analysis of binary colloid mixtures and additionally introduce a third particle species to further our understanding of colloidal systems. Gravitationally driven, spherical colloids immersed in an implicit solvent are confined in two-dimensional linear microchannels. The interaction between the colloids is modeled by the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potential, and the confinement of the colloids is realized by hard walls based on the solution of the Smoluchowski equation in half space. In binary and ternary colloidal systems, a difference in the driving force is achieved by differing colloid sizes, but fixed mass density. We observe for both the binary and ternary systems that a driving force difference induces a nonequilibrium phase transition to lanes. For ternary systems, we study the tendency of lane formation in dependence of the diameter of the medium-sized colloids. Here, we find a sweetspot for lane formation in ternary systems. Furthermore, we study the interaction of two differently sized colloids at the channel walls. Recently, we observed that driven large colloids push smaller colloids to the walls. This results in small particle lanes at the walls at early simulation times. In this work, we additionally find that thin lanes are unstable and dissolve over very long time frames. Furthermore, we observe a connection between lane formation and the nonuniform distribution of particles along the channel length. This nonuniform distribution occurs either alongside lane formation or in shared lanes (i.e. lanes consisting of two colloid types).
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