弦、膜和扭子：心脏等可激发介质中相位缺陷的拓扑分析
Strings, branes and twistons: topological analysis of phase defects in excitable media such as the heart
AI总结：
该研究将可激发介质中的准粒子与状态空间动力学吸引子结构关联并扩展至三维，揭示了由膜和弦等拓扑结构支配的相位缺陷机制，为心脏颤动等复杂激发模式的起源与控制提供了新机制。
摘要：
心脏等若干可激发系统会自组织成复杂的时空模式，涉及波碰撞、波破裂和旋转涡旋，其动力学机制尚未被完全理解。最近，二维介质中的传导阻滞线被识别为相位缺陷，在相位缺陷上可以定义准粒子。这些粒子也形成束缚态，其中一种对应于经典的相位奇点。在此，我们将准粒子与状态空间中动力学吸引子的结构联系起来，并将该框架扩展到三维空间。我们揭示了三维可激发介质受相位缺陷面（即膜）和三种拓扑保持曲线（即弦：头、尾和枢轴曲线）支配。我们将先前提出的扭子识别为头曲线与枢轴曲线交叉处的余维数3的点。我们的框架预测了分裂和分支的相位缺陷面，它们可以连接多个经典灯丝，从而为复杂激发模式（包括心脏颤动）的起源、持续和控制提出了一种新机制。
英文摘要：
Several excitable systems, such as the heart, self-organize into complex spatio-temporal patterns that involve wave collisions, wave breaks, and rotating vortices, of which the dynamics are incompletely understood. Recently, conduction block lines in two-dimensional media were recognized as phase defects, on which quasi-particles can be defined. These particles also form bound states, one of which corresponds to the classical phase singularity. Here, we relate the quasi-particles to the structure of the dynamical attractor in state space and extend the framework to three spatial dimensions. We reveal that 3D excitable media are governed by phase defect surfaces, i.e. branes, and three flavors of topologically preserved curves, i.e. strings: heads, tails, and pivot curves. We identify previously coined twistons as points of co-dimension three at the crossing of a head curve and a pivot curve. Our framework predicts splitting and branching phase defect surfaces that can connect multiple classical filaments, thereby proposing a new mechanism for the origin, perpetuation, and control of complex excitation patterns, including cardiac fibrillation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
