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arXiv 2401.01604astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEphysics.space-ph
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含非热电子的太阳高能粒子电荷态与丰度

Solar Energetic Particle Charge States and Abundances with Nonthermal Electrons

Jin-Yi Lee, Stephen Kahler, John C. Raymond, Yuan-Kuen Ko

AI总结:

本研究针对太阳高能粒子事件源区温度估算问题,分析非热电子分布对A/Q法温度估算的影响,发现电子分布偏离麦克斯韦分布对源区温度结果无显著影响,且SEP加速离开加速区的时间短于电离时间尺度。

摘要:

太阳高能粒子(SEP)事件的一个重要方面是其源粒子群。脉冲型SEP事件的元素丰度增强被认为起源于日冕重联过程,其增强规律可拟合为A/Q的陡幂律形式,其中A和Q分别为原子质量和离子电荷。由于重联过程中热电子能量升高,且会出现非热电子分布,我们可以预期在加速过程中,离子通过与这些电子群的电离相互作用,其电荷态Q会升高。由SEP估算出的温度对应加速过程中的电荷态,而原位实测的实际电荷态可能会因SEP穿过日冕而发生改变。我们研究了用代表偏离麦克斯韦速度分布的高能尾的kappa函数时,不同kappa值是否会导致基于A/Q的温度估算结果存在差异。我们发现,麦克斯韦分布与极端kappa分布下的A/Q差异约为10%-30%。我们针对不同kappa值,将元素丰度的幂律增强拟合为其A/Q的函数。随后我们发现,电子速度分布是否偏离麦克斯韦分布(即热分布),对推导得到的源区温度并无显著影响。假设电子在加速区被加热,加速过程中SEP的电荷态与典型活动区温度相符的结果表明,SEP完成加速并离开加速区的时间短于电离时间尺度。

英文摘要:

An important aspect of solar energetic particle (SEP) events is their source populations. Elemental abundance enhancements of impulsive SEP events, originating in presumed coronal reconnection episodes, can be fitted to steep power laws of A/Q, where A and Q are the atomic mass and ionic charge. Since thermal electron energies are enhanced and nonthermal electron distributions arise in the reconnection process, we might expect that ionic charge states Q would be increased through ionization interactions with those electron populations during the acceleration process. The temperature estimated from the SEPs corresponds to the charge state during the acceleration process, while the actual charge state measured in situ may be modified as the SEPs pass through the corona. We examine whether the temperature estimation from the A/Q would differ with various kappa values in a kappa function representing high-energy tail deviating from a Maxwellian velocity distribution. We find that the differences in the A/Q between a Maxwellian and an extreme kappa distribution are about 10-30%. We fit power-law enhancement of element abundances as a function of their A/Q with various kappa values. Then, we find that the derived source region temperature is not significantly affected by whether or not the electron velocity distribution deviates from a Maxwellian, i.e., thermal, distribution. Assuming that electrons are heated in the acceleration region, the agreement of the SEP charge state during acceleration with typical active region temperatures suggests that SEPs are accelerated and leave the acceleration region in a shorter time than the ionization time scale.

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