等离子体激元是金属中通过电子-空穴对的个体激发之间的库仑相互作用形成的集体激发。在以往关于等离子体响应的大量研究中，纵向场的作用几乎被完全聚焦于光致等离子体现象，例如热载流子生成。在我们之前的研究 [Phys. Rev. B 105, 165408 (2022)] 中，基于自洽和非局域响应理论，我们揭示了横向电磁场在纳米结构中连接等离子体激元与电子-空穴对的重要贡献。在本研究中，我们考察了这一贡献如何随系统参数（例如长度和折射率）的变化而表现。阐明横向场在集体激发与个体激发之间相干耦合中的作用，将有助于建立控制等离子体激元与电子-空穴对之间双向能量转移的原理，从而可能显著提高热载流子生成效率。
英文摘要：
Plasmon is a collective excitation in metals formed through the Coulomb interaction between individual excitations of electron-hole pairs. In many previous studies on the plasmonic response, the role of the longitudinal field has been focused almost exclusively on the light-induced plasmonic phenomena, e.g., hot-carrier generation. In our previous study [Phys. Rev. B 105, 165408 (2022)], we have revealed the significant contribution of the transverse electromagnetic field to connect plasmons and electron-hole pairs in nanostructures based on the self-consistent and nonlocal response theory. In this study, we examine how this contribution appears depending on the system parameters, e.g., length and refractive index. The elucidation of roles of coherent coupling between the collective and individual excitations by the transverse field will lead to the principle of controlling bidirectional energy transfer between the plasmons and electron-hole pairs, which could significantly enhance hot-carrier generation efficiency.
Direct determination of the collective pinning radius in high temperature superconductors
利用硅微振荡器研究了微米级$_2$ CaCuPDMATHABMM O $_{8+δ}$单晶的不可逆磁行为开始时的有限尺寸效应。我们发现一个不可逆性线出现远低于热力学布拉格玻璃熔化线在磁场，增加与样品半径和降低温度。我们发现，这种大小相关的不可逆线可以识别与交叉之间的拉金和随机流形制度的涡晶格横向粗糙度。我们的方法可以用{ \it direct way}确定三维弱集体钉扎Larkin半径。
