高阶厄米-高斯模光学腔中对准与模式匹配的实验演示
Experimental demonstrations of alignment and mode matching in optical cavities with higher-order Hermite-Gauss modes
AI总结：
本研究针对高阶HG模用于降低引力波探测器热噪声的需求，实验生成了最高12阶纯化HG模，首次完成其失准、模式失配损耗及波前传感信号测量，结果与理论高度吻合，为高阶模干涉测量应用提供了实验支撑。
摘要：
高阶空间激光模式近期被研究作为降低地基引力波探测器（如advanced LIGO）测试质量热噪声的候选方案。其中，高阶厄米-高斯（Hermite-Gauss, HG）模因对随机测试质量表面形变更稳健的特性、以及更强的传感与控制能力，受到学界关注。本快报对HG模干涉测量的多个方面开展了实验研究。我们生成了最高12阶的纯化HG模，即$\n\thrm{HG}_{6,6}$模，其中$\n\thrm{HG}_{3,3}$和$\n\thrm{HG}_{6,6}$模的功率转换效率分别为38.8%和27.7%。我们首次完成了最高至$\n\thrm{HG}_{6,6}$的HG模由失准和模式失配引发的功率耦合损耗测量。实验结果与扩展的数值功率损耗因子高度吻合：在“小功率损耗”区域，失准或模式失配的$\n\thrm{HG}_{n,n}$模的损耗因子分别收敛于$2n+1$或$n^2+n+1$。我们还完成了最高至$\n\thrm{HG}_{6,6}$的HG模波前传感（wavefront sensing, WFS）信号测量，测量结果与$\n\thrm{HG}_{n,n}$模的理论WFS增益$β_{n,n-1}\n\tsqrt{n} + β_{n,n+1}\n\tsqrt{n+1}$精确符合，其中$β_{n,n-1}$是相邻$\n\thrm{HG}_{n,n}$模与$\n\thrm{HG}_{n-1,n}$模在分束光电探测器上的拍频系数。
英文摘要：
Higher-order spatial laser modes have recently been investigated as candidates for reducing test-mass thermal noise in ground-based gravitational-wave detectors such as advanced LIGO. In particular, higher-order Hermite-Gauss (HG) modes have gained attention within the community for their more robust behaviors against random test-mass surface deformations and stronger sensing and control capacities. In this letter we offer experimental investigations on various aspects of HG mode interferometry. We have generated purified HG modes up to the 12-th order $\mathrm{HG}_{6,6}$ mode, with a power conversion efficiency of 38.8% and 27.7% for the $\mathrm{HG}_{3,3}$ and $\mathrm{HG}_{6,6}$ modes respectively. We demonstrated for the first time the misalignment and mode mismatch-induced power coupling loss measurements for HG modes up to the $\mathrm{HG}_{6,6}$. We report an excellent agreement with the extended numerical power loss factors that in the ``small power loss'' region converge to $2n+1$ or $n^2+n+1$ for a misaligned or mode mismatched $\mathrm{HG}_{n,n}$ mode. We also demonstrated the wavefront sensing (WFS) signal measurement for HG modes up to the $\mathrm{HG}_{6,6}$. The measurement result is accurately in accordance with theoretical WFS gain $β_{n,n-1}\sqrt{n} + β_{n,n+1}\sqrt{n+1}$ for an $\mathrm{HG}_{n,n}$ mode, with $β_{n,n-1}$ being the beat coefficient of the adjacent $\mathrm{HG}_{n,n}$ and $\mathrm{HG}_{n-1,n}$ modes on a split photodetector.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
