通过面向算力提供商的客户身份识别方案对前沿AI进行监管
Oversight for Frontier AI through a Know-Your-Customer Scheme for Compute Providers
AI总结：
为应对前沿AI风险，建议美国政府联合业界为算力提供商实施KYC方案，通过动态算力阈值和数字访问控制，实现更精确灵活的AI开发监管与出口管制补充。
摘要：
为了应对高度 capable 的人工智能（AI）模型带来的安全与保障风险，我们建议美国政府应确保算力提供商实施客户身份识别（Know-Your-Customer, KYC）方案。算力——即训练和运行这些 AI 模型所需的计算能力与基础设施——正逐渐成为监管的关键节点。KYC 是银行业开发的一种用于识别和验证客户身份的标准，它可以为前沿 AI 开发提供更强的公共监管机制，并弥补现有出口管制中的漏洞。该方案有望识别并向利益相关者警告 AI 能力方面潜在的问题性进展和/或突发性进步，构建政府的 AI 监管能力，并促进更细致、更具针对性的出口管制的开发与实施。与限制购买 AI 芯片的策略不同，对算力的数字访问权限进行监管能提供更精确的控制，允许对算力数量进行监管控制，并具备随时中止访问的灵活性。为实施 KYC 方案，美国政府需与业界密切合作，以：(1) 建立动态的算力阈值，有效捕捉高风险的前沿模型开发，同时将对未从事前沿 AI 开发的开发者的影响降至最低；(2) 为算力提供商设定保存记录和报告高风险实体的要求与指导；(3) 建立政府能力，以实现该方案的共同设计、实施、管理和执行；(4) 开展国际交流，促进国际对该方案的认同并支持其长期有效性。尽管该方案无法解决所有 AI 风险，但它通过提供一种更精确、更灵活的方法来控制前沿 AI 模型的开发及不良的 AI 扩散，从而对已提出的解决方案形成了补充。
英文摘要：
To address security and safety risks stemming from highly capable artificial intelligence (AI) models, we propose that the US government should ensure compute providers implement Know-Your-Customer (KYC) schemes. Compute - the computational power and infrastructure required to train and run these AI models - is emerging as a node for oversight. KYC, a standard developed by the banking sector to identify and verify client identity, could provide a mechanism for greater public oversight of frontier AI development and close loopholes in existing export controls. Such a scheme has the potential to identify and warn stakeholders of potentially problematic and/or sudden advancements in AI capabilities, build government capacity for AI regulation, and allow for the development and implementation of more nuanced and targeted export controls. Unlike the strategy of limiting access to AI chip purchases, regulating the digital access to compute offers more precise controls, allowing regulatory control over compute quantities, as well as the flexibility to suspend access at any time. To enact a KYC scheme, the US government will need to work closely with industry to (1) establish a dynamic threshold of compute that effectively captures high-risk frontier model development, while minimizing imposition on developers not engaged in frontier AI; (2) set requirements and guidance for compute providers to keep records and report high-risk entities; (3) establish government capacity that allows for co-design, implementation, administration and enforcement of the scheme; and (4) engage internationally to promote international alignment with the scheme and support its long-term efficacy. While the scheme will not address all AI risks, it complements proposed solutions by allowing for a more precise and flexible approach to controlling the development of frontier AI models and unwanted AI proliferation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
