同种族导师偏好对学术表现与学术存续的影响
Effects of Same-Race Mentorship Preferences on Academic Performance and Survival
AI总结：
基于70年间465,355对导师-受导者数据，该研究运用因果推断和统计匹配发现同种族导师偏好普遍存在且逐年增强，并会显著降低受导者的学术表现与留任率，凸显导师多样性的重要性。
摘要：
同种族导师偏好是指导师或受导者之间形成的联系显著受到共同种族影响的现象。尽管科学领域的种族多样性已被广泛研究并被认为与有利结果相关，但同种族导师偏好的程度及其影响在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。在此，我们分析了过去70年间来自60多个研究领域的465,355对导师-受导者配对，以研究同种族导师偏好对受导者学术表现和学术存续的影响。我们使用因果推断和统计匹配来衡量同种族导师偏好，同时考虑机构、时间段和研究领域之间的种族人口统计差异。我们的研究结果揭示了一种普遍存在的同种族导师倾向，跨越不同种族、领域和不同研究强度的大学。我们观察到同种族导师倾向随年份呈上升趋势，并在导师谱系内通过代际传递进一步强化。这种倾向在少数族裔（亚裔、黑人和西班牙裔）中更为显著。我们的结果表明，在具有高同种族倾向的导师指导下，受导者在训练期间及训练结束后，其生产力、影响力和合作范围显著降低，最终导致其留在学术界的可能性降低27.6%。相比之下，不带有种族倾向的导师方式似乎为学术表现和学术坚持提供了最佳前景。这些发现强调了导师多样性对学术成功的重要性，并揭示了导致少数族裔在科学领域代表性不足的因素。
英文摘要：
Same-race mentorship preference refers to mentors or mentees forming connections significantly influenced by a shared race. Although racial diversity in science has been well-studied and linked to favorable outcomes, the extent and effects of same-race mentorship preferences remain largely underexplored. Here, we analyze 465,355 mentor-mentee pairs from more than 60 research areas over the last 70 years to investigate the effect of same-race mentorship preferences on mentees' academic performance and survival. We use causal inference and statistical matching to measure same-race mentorship preferences while accounting for racial demographic variations across institutions, time periods, and research fields. Our findings reveal a pervasive same-race mentorship propensity across races, fields, and universities of varying research intensity. We observe an increase in same-race mentorship propensity over the years, further reinforced inter-generationally within a mentorship lineage. This propensity is more pronounced for minorities (Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics). Our results reveal that mentees under the supervision of mentors with high same-race propensity experience significantly lower productivity, impact, and collaboration reach during and after training, ultimately leading to a 27.6% reduced likelihood of remaining in academia. In contrast, a mentorship approach devoid of racial propensity appears to offer the best prospects for academic performance and persistence. These findings underscore the importance of mentorship diversity for academic success and shed light on factors contributing to minority underrepresentation in science.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
