对等互联成本与费用
Peering Costs and Fees
AI总结：
本研究采用双边市场模型与网络成本模型，分析付费对等互联对宽带价格、消费者剩余的影响，以及无结算对等互联要求与网络价值的关系，为互联点数量设置等决策提供依据。
摘要：
互联网用户在大型互联网服务提供商（ISP）与大型内容提供商之间的付费对等互联争端中遭受了连带损害。为了获得无结算对等互联的资格，大型ISP要求对等方满足特定条件，但学术文献尚未阐明这些无结算对等互联要求与各互联网络价值之间的关系。\n我们首先研究了付费对等互联对宽带价格的影响。我们采用双边市场模型，其中ISP通过设定宽带价格和付费对等互联价格来实现利润最大化。结果表明，付费对等互联费用会降低高端套餐价格，同时提高视频流媒体价格以及订阅视频流媒体服务的高端层级用户的总支出。\n接着我们分析了付费对等互联对消费者剩余的影响，发现消费者剩余是付费对等互联费用的单峰函数。对等互联价格关键取决于ISP每名视频流媒体用户的增量成本；在不同成本水平下，该价格可以为负、为零或为正。\n最后我们构建了一个网络成本模型。研究表明，流量敏感型网络成本随互联点数量增加而降低，但存在收益递减效应。在6至8个互联点进行互联是合理的，要求超过8个互联点几乎没有额外价值。我们还证明，如果内容分发网络（CDN）向ISP本地交付流量，那么设定最低互联点数量的要求是合理的；如果CDN使用热土豆路由交付流量，ISP则不太可能感知到足够的价值来提供无结算对等互联。
英文摘要：
Internet users have suffered collateral damage in tussles over paid peering between large ISPs and large content providers. In order to qualify for settlement-free peering, large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) require that peers meet certain requirements. However, the academic literature has not yet shown the relationship between these settlement-free peering requirements and the value to each interconnecting network. We first consider the effect of paid peering on broadband prices. We adopt a two-sided market model in which an ISP maximizes profit by setting broadband prices and a paid peering price. Our result shows that paid peering fees reduce the premium plan price, and increase the video streaming price and the total price for premium tier customers who subscribe to video streaming services. We next consider the effect of paid peering on consumer surplus. We find that consumer surplus is a uni-modal function of the paid peering fee. The peering price depends critically on the incremental ISP cost per video streaming subscriber; at different costs, it can be negative, zero, or positive. Last, we construct a network cost model. We show that the traffic-sensitive network cost decreases as the number of interconnection points increases, but with decreasing returns. Interconnecting at 6 to 8 interconnection points is rational, and requiring interconnection at more than 8 points is of little value. We show that if the content delivery network (CDN) delivers traffic to the ISP locally, then a requirement to interconnect at a minimum number of interconnection points is rational. We also show that if the CDN delivers traffic using hot potato routing, the ISP is unlikely to perceive sufficient value to offer settlement-free peering.
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