量子存储器：量子计算单元中缺失的一环
Quantum Memory: A Missing Piece in Quantum Computing Units
AI总结：
该研究针对量子计算架构中量子存储器角色不明确的问题，从器件到架构层面梳理了量子存储器的完整设计栈，定义了性能指标，综述了两类存储器件，探讨了架构应用与编程模型，旨在推动该新兴领域发展。
摘要：
存储器是经典计算系统中不可或缺的组件。尽管量子计算的发展仍处于早期阶段，当前的量子处理单元主要充当量子寄存器的角色。因此，量子存储器在未来先进量子计算架构中的实际作用仍不明确。随着量子比特规模的快速扩大，现在正是探索量子存储器在不同衬底器件技术和应用场景中的潜力与可行性的时机。本文中，我们提供了量子存储器的完整设计栈视角。我们从量子存储器件的基本组件——量子存储单元入手，提出了量子存储单元的抽象模型，并定义了衡量物理平台性能的指标。结合寻址功能，我们随后综述了两类量子存储器件：随机存取量子存储器（RAQM）和量子随机存取存储器（QRAM）。在这些器件的基础上，我们讨论了计算架构中的量子存储单元，包括量子存储单元的构建、量子缓存、量子缓冲区，以及将QRAM用于量子输入输出模块的方案。我们进一步提出了量子存储单元的编程模型，并讨论了其可能的应用。通过呈现这项工作，我们旨在吸引更多来自量子信息科学（QIS）和经典存储器领域的研究人员进入这一新兴且令人兴奋的领域。
英文摘要：
Memory is an indispensable component in classical computing systems. While the development of quantum computing is still in its early stages, current quantum processing units mainly function as quantum registers. Consequently, the actual role of quantum memory in future advanced quantum computing architectures remains unclear. With the rapid scaling of qubits, it is opportune to explore the potential and feasibility of quantum memory across different substrate device technologies and application scenarios. In this paper, we provide a full design stack view of quantum memory. We start from the elementary component of a quantum memory device, quantum memory cells. We provide an abstraction to a quantum memory cell and define metrics to measure the performance of physical platforms. Combined with addressing functionality, we then review two types of quantum memory devices: random access quantum memory (RAQM) and quantum random access memory (QRAM). Building on top of these devices, quantum memory units in the computing architecture, including building a quantum memory unit, quantum cache, quantum buffer, and using QRAM for the quantum input-output module, are discussed. We further propose the programming model for the quantum memory units and discuss their possible applications. By presenting this work, we aim to attract more researchers from both the Quantum Information Science (QIS) and classical memory communities to enter this emerging and exciting area.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
