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arXiv 2309.04528gr-qcastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
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强化引力波广义相对论检验以抵御天体物理假设

Fortifying gravitational-wave tests of general relativity against astrophysical assumptions

Ethan Payne, Maximiliano Isi, Katerina Chatziioannou, Will M. Farr

AI总结:

针对引力波检验广义相对论受天体物理假设影响的问题,提出同时推断天体物理种群的框架,利用LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA第三次观测数据,加强约束并提高与广义相对论的一致性。

摘要:

大多数利用引力波观测检验广义相对论的方法,都依赖于在推断信号源天体物理参数(如致密双星的组分质量和自旋)的同时,推断信号偏离广义相对论的程度。由于信号的特征,这些偏离的测量结果往往与天体物理源的性质高度相关。因此,关于天体物理参数的先验假设通常会影响到所推断的偏离幅度。为了避免在推断广义相对论偏离时产生偏差,纳入底层天体物理种群的信息是必要的。当前的检验假设天体物理种群遵循一种不切实际的基准先验,该先验是为了便于后验采样而选择的——例如,在组分质量上采用平坦先验——这与天体物理预期以及从观测中推断出的分布均不一致。我们提出一个框架,通过使用探测目录同时推断天体物理种群,来强化广义相对论检验。尽管该方法具有广泛适用性,我们具体在大质量引力子约束和对后牛顿相位系数的参数化偏离检验上进行了演示。利用LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA第三次观测运行的数据,我们表明对天体物理分布的同时推断能够加强约束,并提高与广义相对论的整体一致性。我们提供了对理论偏离的最新约束,发现在对天体物理种群建模后,引力子质量的90%置信上限改善了25%,达到$m_g \leq 9.6 \times 10^{-24}\\, \mathrm{eV}/c^2$,且推断的种群级后牛顿偏离向零移动了约0.4σ。

英文摘要:

Most tests of general relativity with gravitational-wave observations rely on inferring the degree to which a signal deviates from general relativity in conjunction with the astrophysical parameters of its source, such as the component masses and spins of a compact binary. Due to features of the signal, measurements of these deviations are often highly correlated with the properties of astrophysical sources. As a consequence, prior assumptions about astrophysical parameters will generally affect the inferred magnitude of the deviations. Incorporating information about the underlying astrophysical population is necessary to avoid biases in the inference of deviations from general relativity. Current tests assume that the astrophysical population follows an unrealistic fiducial prior chosen to ease sampling of the posterior -- for example, a prior flat in component masses -- which is is inconsistent with both astrophysical expectations and the distribution inferred from observations. We propose a framework for fortifying tests of general relativity by simultaneously inferring the astrophysical population using a catalog of detections. Although this method applies broadly, we demonstrate it concretely on massive graviton constraints and parameterized tests of deviations to the post-Newtonian phase coefficients. Using observations from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's third observing run, we show that concurrent inference of the astrophysical distribution strengthens constraints and improves overall consistency with general relativity. We provide updated constraints on deviations from the theory, finding that, upon modeling the astrophysical population, the 90\%-credible upper limit on the mass of the graviton improves by $25\%$ to $m_g \leq 9.6 \times 10^{-24}\, \mathrm{eV}/c^2$ and the inferred population-level post-Newtonian deviations move ${\sim} 0.4 σ$ closer to zero.

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