Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) strives to learn to localize objects with only image-level supervision. Due to the local receptive fields generated by convolution operations, previous CNN-based methods suffer from partial activation issues, concentrating on the object's discriminative part instead of the entire entity scope. Benefiting from the capability of the self-attention mechanism to acquire long-range feature dependencies, Vision Transformer has been recently applied to alleviate the local activation drawbacks. However, since the transformer lacks the inductive localization bias that are inherent in CNNs, it may cause a divergent activation problem resulting in an uncertain distinction between foreground and background. In this work, we proposed a novel Semantic-Constraint Matching Network (SCMN) via a transformer to converge on the divergent activation. Specifically, we first propose a local patch shuffle strategy to construct the image pairs, disrupting local patches while guaranteeing global consistency. The paired images that contain the common object in spatial are then fed into the Siamese network encoder. We further design a semantic-constraint matching module, which aims to mine the co-object part by matching the coarse class activation maps (CAMs) extracted from the pair images, thus implicitly guiding and calibrating the transformer network to alleviate the divergent activation. Extensive experimental results conducted on two challenging benchmarks, including CUB-200-2011 and ILSVRC datasets show that our method can achieve the new state-of-the-art performance and outperform the previous method by a large margin.
Weakly-supervised object localization methods tend to fail for object classes that consistently co-occur with the same background elements, e.g. trains on tracks. We propose a method to overcome these failures by adding a very small amount of model-specific additional annotation. The main idea is to cluster a deep network's mid-level representations and assign object or distractor labels to each cluster. Experiments show substantially improved localization results on the challenging ILSVC2014 dataset for bounding box detection and the PASCAL VOC2012 dataset for semantic segmentation.
National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology（新型软件技术国家重点实验室）；Nanjing University（南京大学）
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) aims to localize objects with only image-level labels. Previous methods often try to utilize feature maps and classification weights to localize objects using image level annotations indirectly. In this paper, we demonstrate that weakly supervised object localization should be divided into two parts: class-agnostic object localization and object classification. For class-agnostic object localization, we should use class-agnostic methods to generate noisy pseudo annotations and then perform bounding box regression on them without class labels. We pro…
We propose an improved technique for weakly-supervised object localization. Conventional methods have a limitation that they focus only on most discriminative parts of the target objects. The recent study addressed this issue and resolved this limitation by augmenting the training data for less discriminative parts. To this end, we employ an effective data augmentation for improving the accuracy of the object localization. In addition, we introduce improved learning techniques by optimizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based on the state-of-the-art model. Based on extensive experiments,…
Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）；LG AI Research（LG人工智能研究院）
Weakly supervised object localization aims to find a target object region in a given image with only weak supervision, such as image-level labels. Most existing methods use a class activation map (CAM) to generate a localization map; however, a CAM identifies only the most discriminative parts of a target object rather than the entire object region. In this work, we find the gap between classification and localization in terms of the misalignment of the directions between an input feature and a class-specific weight. We demonstrate that the misalignment suppresses the activation of CAM in area…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Gravitational Wave Detection（上海引力波探测前沿科学研究中心）
Pseudo-supervised learning methods have been shown to be effective for weakly supervised object localization tasks. However, the effectiveness depends on the powerful regularization ability of deep neural networks. Based on the assumption that the localization network should have similar location predictions on different versions of the same image, we propose a two-stage approach to learn more consistent localization. In the first stage, we propose a mask-based pseudo label generator algorithm, and use the pseudo-supervised learning method to initialize an object localization network. In the s…
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学）
In this paper, we propose to go beyond the well-established approach to vision-based localization that relies on visual descriptor matching between a query image and a 3D point cloud. While matching keypoints via visual descriptors makes localization highly accurate, it has significant storage demands, raises privacy concerns and requires update to the descriptors in the long-term. To elegantly address those practical challenges for large-scale localization, we present GoMatch, an alternative to visual-based matching that solely relies on geometric information for matching image keypoints to m…
This paper reports a new solution of leveraging temporal classification to support weakly supervised object detection (WSOD). Specifically, we introduce raster scan-order techniques to serialize 2D images into 1D sequence data, and then leverage a combined LSTM (Long, Short-Term Memory) and CTC (Connectionist Temporal Classification) network to achieve object localization based on a total count (of interested objects). We term our proposed network LSTM-CCTC (Count-based CTC). This "learning from counting" strategy differs from existing WSOD methods in that our approach automatically identifies…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Duke University（杜克大学）
Weakly supervised object localization remains challenging, where only image labels instead of bounding boxes are available during training. Object proposal is an effective component in localization, but often computationally expensive and incapable of joint optimization with some of the remaining modules. In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, we for the first time integrate weakly supervised object proposal into convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in an end-to-end learning manner. We design a network component, Soft Proposal (SP), to be plugged into any standard convolutional architect…
Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；University of California at Merced（加州大学默塞德分校）
As an emerging and challenging problem in the computer vision community, weakly supervised object localization and detection plays an important role for developing new generation computer vision systems and has received significant attention in the past decade. As methods have been proposed, a comprehensive survey of these topics is of great importance. In this work, we review (1) classic models, (2) approaches with feature representations from off-the-shelf deep networks, (3) approaches solely based on deep learning, and (4) publicly available datasets and standard evaluation metrics that are…
Mercedes-Benz Research and Development India（梅赛德斯-奔驰印度研发中心）
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) aims at predicting object locations in an image using only image-level category labels. Common challenges that image classification models encounter when localizing objects are, (a) they tend to look at the most discriminative features in an image that confines the localization map to a very small region, (b) the localization maps are class agnostic, and the models highlight objects of multiple classes in the same image and, (c) the localization performance is affected by background noise. To alleviate the above challenges we introduce the following…
University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
Weakly supervised methods usually generate localization results based on attention maps produced by classification networks. However, the attention maps exhibit the most discriminative parts of the object which are small and sparse. We propose to generate Self-produced Guidance (SPG) masks which separate the foreground, the object of interest, from the background to provide the classification networks with spatial correlation information of pixels. A stagewise approach is proposed to incorporate high confident object regions to learn the SPG masks. The high confident regions within attention m…
We present a technique for weakly supervised object localization (WSOL), building on the observation that WSOL algorithms usually work better on images with bigger objects. Instead of training the object detector on the entire training set at the same time, we propose a curriculum learning strategy to feed training images into the WSOL learning loop in an order from images containing bigger objects down to smaller ones. To automatically determine the order, we train a regressor to estimate the size of the object given the whole image as input. Furthermore, we use these size estimates to furthe…
ANU（澳大利亚国立大学）；ACRV（澳大利亚机器人视觉研究中心）；Georgia Tech（佐治亚理工学院）；Google Research（谷歌研究院）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
Weakly Supervised Object Localization (WSOL) methods only require image level labels as opposed to expensive bounding box annotations required by fully supervised algorithms. We study the problem of learning localization model on target classes with weakly supervised image labels, helped by a fully annotated source dataset. Typically, a WSOL model is first trained to predict class generic objectness scores on an off-the-shelf fully supervised source dataset and then it is progressively adapted to learn the objects in the weakly supervised target dataset. In this work, we argue that learning on…
Weakly Supervised Object Localization (WSOL) techniques learn the object location only using image-level labels, without location annotations. A common limitation for these techniques is that they cover only the most discriminative part of the object, not the entire object. To address this problem, we propose an Attention-based Dropout Layer (ADL), which utilizes the self-attention mechanism to process the feature maps of the model. The proposed method is composed of two key components: 1) hiding the most discriminative part from the model for capturing the integral extent of object, and 2) hi…
Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）；NAVER AI Lab（NAVER人工智能实验室）
Weakly-supervised object localization (WSOL) enables finding an object using a dataset without any localization information. By simply training a classification model using only image-level annotations, the feature map of the model can be utilized as a score map for localization. In spite of many WSOL methods proposing novel strategies, there has not been any de facto standard about how to normalize the class activation map (CAM). Consequently, many WSOL methods have failed to fully exploit their own capacity because of the misuse of a normalization method. In this paper, we review many existi…
Feature matching is crucial in visual localization, where 2D-3D correspondence plays a major role in determining the accuracy of camera pose. A sufficient number of well-distributed 2D-3D correspondences is essential for accurate pose estimation due to noise. However, existing 2D-3D feature matching methods rely on finding nearest neighbors in the feature space and removing outliers using hand-crafted heuristics, which may lead to potential matches being missed or the correct matches being filtered out. In this work, we propose a novel method called Geometry-Aided Matching (GAM), which incorpo…
École de Technologie Superieure, Université du Québec（魁北克大学高等技术学院）
Weakly supervised object localization is a challenging task in which the object of interest should be localized while learning its appearance. State-of-the-art methods recycle the architecture of a standard CNN by using the activation maps of the last layer for localizing the object. While this approach is simple and works relatively well, object localization relies on different features than classification, thus, a specialized localization mechanism is required during training to improve performance. In this paper, we propose a convolutional, multi-scale spatial localization network that prov…
Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University（北京大学医学技术研究院）；Peking University（北京大学）；Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School（北京大学深圳研究生院生物医学工程研究所）
Classification activation map (CAM), utilizing the classification structure to generate pixel-wise localization maps, is a crucial mechanism for weakly supervised object localization (WSOL). However, CAM directly uses the classifier trained on image-level features to locate objects, making it prefers to discern global discriminative factors rather than regional object cues. Thus only the discriminative locations are activated when feeding pixel-level features into this classifier. To solve this issue, this paper elaborates a plug-and-play mechanism called BagCAMs to better project a well-train…
Rethinking the Localization in Weakly Supervised Object Localization
Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Hubei Luojia Laboratory（湖北珞珈实验室）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；City, University of London（伦敦大学城市学院）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）
Weakly supervised object localization is a challenging task which aims to localize objects with coarse annotations such as image categories. Existing deep network approaches are mainly based on class activation map, which focuses on highlighting discriminative local region while ignoring the full object. In addition, the emerging transformer-based techniques constantly put a lot of emphasis on the backdrop that impedes the ability to identify complete objects. To address these issues, we present a re-attention mechanism termed token refinement transformer (TRT) that captures the object-level s…
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University（中南大学计算机科学与工程学院）
The research on recognizing the most discriminative regions provides referential information for weakly supervised object localization with only image-level annotations. However, the most discriminative regions usually conceal the other parts of the object, thereby impeding entire object recognition and localization. To tackle this problem, the Dual-attention Focused Module (DFM) is proposed to enhance object localization performance. Specifically, we present a dual attention module for information fusion, consisting of a position branch and a channel one. In each branch, the input feature map…
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) is a challenging task to localize the object by only category labels. However, there is contradiction between classification and localization because accurate classification network tends to pay attention to discriminative region of objects rather than the entirety. We propose this discrimination is caused by handcraft threshold choosing in CAM-based methods. Therefore, we propose Clustering and Filter of Tokens (CaFT) with Vision Transformer (ViT) backbone to solve this problem in another way. CaFT first sends the patch tokens of the image split to…
Bilkent University（比尔肯特大学）；Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes（法国国家信息与自动化研究所格勒诺布尔-罗讷-阿尔卑斯分所）；Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann（让·孔茨曼实验室）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）
Object category localization is a challenging problem in computer vision. Standard supervised training requires bounding box annotations of object instances. This time-consuming annotation process is sidestepped in weakly supervised learning. In this case, the supervised information is restricted to binary labels that indicate the absence/presence of object instances in the image, without their locations. We follow a multiple-instance learning approach that iteratively trains the detector and infers the object locations in the positive training images. Our main contribution is a multi-fold mul…
Self-supervised vision transformers can generate accurate localization maps of the objects in an image. However, since they decompose the scene into multiple maps containing various objects, and they do not rely on any explicit supervisory signal, they cannot distinguish between the object of interest from other objects, as required in weakly-supervised object localization (WSOL). To address this issue, we propose leveraging the multiple maps generated by the different transformer heads to acquire pseudo-labels for training a WSOL model. In particular, a new discriminative proposals sampling m…
In this paper, we address the problem of weakly supervised object localization (WSL), which trains a detection network on the dataset with only image-level annotations. The proposed approach is built on the observation that the proposal set from the training dataset is a collection of background, object parts, and objects. Several strategies are taken to adaptively eliminate the noisy proposals and generate pseudo object-level annotations for the weakly labeled dataset. A multiple instance learning (MIL) algorithm enhanced by mask-out strategy is adopted to collect the class-specific object pr…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology (KAIST)（韩国高等科学技术院（KAIST））
Weakly supervised object localization has recently attracted attention since it aims to identify both class labels and locations of objects by using image-level labels. Most previous methods utilize the activation map corresponding to the highest activation source. Exploiting only one activation map of the highest probability class is often biased into limited regions or sometimes even highlights background regions. To resolve these limitations, we propose to use activation maps, named combinational class activation maps (CCAM), which are linear combinations of activation maps from the highest…
Generating precise class-aware pseudo ground-truths, a.k.a, class activation maps (CAMs), is essential for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation. The original CAM method usually produces incomplete and inaccurate localization maps. To tackle with this issue, this paper proposes an Expansion and Shrinkage scheme based on the offset learning in the deformable convolution, to sequentially improve the recall and precision of the located object in the two respective stages. In the Expansion stage, an offset learning branch in a deformable convolution layer, referred as "expansion sampler" seeks f…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）
Attention mechanisms is frequently used to learn the discriminative features for better feature representations. In this paper, we extend the attention mechanism to the task of weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) and propose the dual-attention guided dropblock module (DGDM), which aims at learning the informative and complementary visual patterns for WSOL. This module contains two key components, the channel attention guided dropout (CAGD) and the spatial attention guided dropblock (SAGD). To model channel interdependencies, the CAGD ranks the channel attentions and treats the top-k a…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）
Few-shot learning often involves metric learning-based classifiers, which predict the image label by comparing the distance between the extracted feature vector and class representations. However, applying global pooling in the backend of the feature extractor may not produce an embedding that correctly focuses on the class object. In this work, we propose a novel framework that generates class representations by extracting features from class-relevant regions of the images. Given only a few exemplary images with image-level labels, our framework first localizes the class objects by spatially …
Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University（北京大学医学部医学技术研究院）；Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University（北京大学生物医学工程系）；Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory（深圳湾实验室生物医学工程研究所）；Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School（北京大学深圳研究生院生物医学工程研究所）；ByteDance AI Lab, ByteDance（字节跳动人工智能实验室）；Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute（北京大学肿瘤医院暨研究所，恶性肿瘤发生与转化研究教育部重点实验室）
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) relaxes the requirement of dense annotations for object localization by using image-level classification masks to supervise its learning process. However, current WSOL methods suffer from excessive activation of background locations and need post-processing to obtain the localization mask. This paper attributes these issues to the unawareness of background cues, and propose the background-aware classification activation map (B-CAM) to simultaneously learn localization scores of both object and background with only image-level labels. In our B-CAM, t…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）
Weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) using image-level labels has recently attracted much attention for reducing annotation costs. Existing WSSS methods utilize localization maps from the classification network to generate pseudo segmentation labels. However, since localization maps obtained from the classifier focus only on sparse discriminative object regions, it is difficult to generate high-quality segmentation labels. To address this issue, we introduce discriminative region suppression (DRS) module that is a simple yet effective method to expand object activation regions. DRS s…
Weakly supervised semantic segmentation and localiza- tion have a problem of focusing only on the most important parts of an image since they use only image-level annota- tions. In this paper, we solve this problem fundamentally via two-phase learning. Our networks are trained in two steps. In the first step, a conventional fully convolutional network (FCN) is trained to find the most discriminative parts of an image. In the second step, the activations on the most salient parts are suppressed by inference conditional feedback, and then the second learning is performed to find the area of the …
Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data（深圳大数据研究院）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) aims to localize objects by only utilizing image-level labels. Class activation maps (CAMs) are the commonly used features to achieve WSOL. However, previous CAM-based methods did not take full advantage of the shallow features, despite their importance for WSOL. Because shallow features are easily buried in background noise through conventional fusion. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective Shallow feature-aware Pseudo supervised Object Localization (SPOL) model for accurate WSOL, which makes the utmost of low-level features embedded in s…
Spatial-Aware Token for Weakly Supervised Object Localization
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center（合肥综合性国家科学中心人工智能研究院）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）
Tokyo Institute of Technology（东京工业大学）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；CIIRC, CTU in Prague（布拉格捷克理工大学信息学、机器人学与网络学捷克研究所）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；Microsoft（微软）
We seek to predict the 6 degree-of-freedom (6DoF) pose of a query photograph with respect to a large indoor 3D map. The contributions of this work are three-fold. First, we develop a new large-scale visual localization method targeted for indoor environments. The method proceeds along three steps: (i) efficient retrieval of candidate poses that ensures scalability to large-scale environments, (ii) pose estimation using dense matching rather than local features to deal with textureless indoor scenes, and (iii) pose verification by virtual view synthesis to cope with significant changes in viewp…
State-of-the-art methods treat pedestrian attribute recognition as a multi-label image classification problem. The location information of person attributes is usually eliminated or simply encoded in the rigid splitting of whole body in previous work. In this paper, we formulate the task in a weakly-supervised attribute localization framework. Based on GoogLeNet, firstly, a set of mid-level attribute features are discovered by novelly designed detection layers, where a max-pooling based weakly-supervised object detection technique is used to train these layers with only image-level labels with…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Baidu Research（百度研究院）；Zhejiang Insigma Digital Technology Co., Ltd.（浙江浙大网新数字科技有限公司）；Zhejiang University of Science and Technology（浙江科技学院）
The recent emerged weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) methods can learn to localize an object in the image only using image-level labels. Previous works endeavor to perceive the interval objects from the small and sparse discriminative attention map, yet ignoring the co-occurrence confounder (e.g., bird and sky), which makes the model inspection (e.g., CAM) hard to distinguish between the object and context. In this paper, we make an early attempt to tackle this challenge via causal intervention (CI). Our proposed method, dubbed CI-CAM, explores the causalities among images, contexts…
University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；Microsoft（微软）
Inspired by CapsNet's routing-by-agreement mechanism with its ability to learn object properties, we explore if those properties in turn can determine new properties of the objects, such as the locations. We then propose a CapsNet architecture with object coordinate atoms and a modified routing-by-agreement algorithm with unevenly distributed initial routing probabilities. The model is based on CapsNet but uses a routing algorithm to find the objects' approximate positions in the image coordinate system. We also discussed how to derive the property of translation through coordinate atoms and w…
Sogang University（西江大学）；NAVER AI Lab（NAVER人工智能实验室）；Yonsei University（延世大学）；University of Tuebingen（蒂宾根大学）；Max Planck Institute for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所）；Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems（马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所）
Weakly-supervised object localization (WSOL) has gained popularity over the last years for its promise to train localization models with only image-level labels. Since the seminal WSOL work of class activation mapping (CAM), the field has focused on how to expand the attention regions to cover objects more broadly and localize them better. However, these strategies rely on full localization supervision for validating hyperparameters and model selection, which is in principle prohibited under the WSOL setup. In this paper, we argue that WSOL task is ill-posed with only image-level labels, and p…
ZhengZhou University（郑州大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）
Localizing objects with weak supervision in an image is a key problem of the research in computer vision community. Many existing Weakly-Supervised Object Localization (WSOL) approaches tackle this problem by estimating the most discriminative regions with feature maps (activation maps) obtained by Deep Convolutional Neural Network, that is, only the objects or parts of them with the most discriminative response will be located. However, the activation maps often display different local maximum responses or relatively weak response when one image contains multiple objects with the same type or…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center（合肥综合性国家科学中心人工智能研究院）
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) aims to localize objects using only image-level labels. Recently a new paradigm has emerged by generating a foreground prediction map (FPM) to achieve localization task. Existing FPM-based methods use cross-entropy (CE) to evaluate the foreground prediction map and to guide the learning of generator. We argue for using activation value to achieve more efficient learning. It is based on the experimental observation that, for a trained network, CE converges to zero when the foreground mask covers only part of the object region. While activation value …
We propose a new method for estimating the relative pose between two images, where we jointly learn keypoint detection, description extraction, matching and robust pose estimation. While our architecture follows the traditional pipeline for pose estimation from geometric computer vision, all steps are learnt in an end-to-end fashion, including feature matching. We demonstrate our method for the task of visual localization of a query image within a database of images with known pose. Pairwise pose estimation has many practical applications for robotic mapping, navigation, and AR. For example, t…
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) aims to localize the target object using only the image-level supervision. Recent methods encourage the model to activate feature maps over the entire object by dropping the most discriminative parts. However, they are likely to induce excessive extension to the backgrounds which leads to over-estimated localization. In this paper, we consider the background as an important cue that guides the feature activation to cover the sophisticated object region and propose contrastive attention loss. The loss promotes similarity between foreground and its dr…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Zhejiang University of Science and Technology（浙江科技学院）
Weakly-Supervised Object Detection (WSOD) and Localization (WSOL), i.e., detecting multiple and single instances with bounding boxes in an image using image-level labels, are long-standing and challenging tasks in the CV community. With the success of deep neural networks in object detection, both WSOD and WSOL have received unprecedented attention. Hundreds of WSOD and WSOL methods and numerous techniques have been proposed in the deep learning era. To this end, in this paper, we consider WSOL is a sub-task of WSOD and provide a comprehensive survey of the recent achievements of WSOD. Specifi…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Youtu Lab, Tencent（腾讯优图实验室）；NLPR, Institute of Automation, CAS（中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室）；Huawei Cloud AI（华为云AI）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) is a challenging problem when given image category labels but requires to learn object localization models. Optimizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification tends to activate local discriminative regions while ignoring complete object extent, causing the partial activation issue. In this paper, we argue that partial activation is caused by the intrinsic characteristics of CNN, where the convolution operations produce local receptive fields and experience difficulty to capture long-range feature dependency among pixels. We introduce…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）
Weakly supervised object detection is a challenging task when provided with image category supervision but required to learn, at the same time, object locations and object detectors. The inconsistency between the weak supervision and learning objectives introduces significant randomness to object locations and ambiguity to detectors. In this paper, a min-entropy latent model (MELM) is proposed for weakly supervised object detection. Min-entropy serves as a model to learn object locations and a metric to measure the randomness of object localization during learning. It aims to principally reduc…
Obtaining accurate pixel-level localization from class labels is a crucial process in weakly supervised semantic segmentation and object localization. Attribution maps from a trained classifier are widely used to provide pixel-level localization, but their focus tends to be restricted to a small discriminative region of the target object. An AdvCAM is an attribution map of an image that is manipulated to increase the classification score produced by a classifier before the final softmax or sigmoid layer. This manipulation is realized in an anti-adversarial manner, so that the original image is…
Yonsei University（延世大学）；University of Tuebingen（图宾根大学）
Weakly-supervised object localization (WSOL) has gained popularity over the last years for its promise to train localization models with only image-level labels. Since the seminal WSOL work of class activation mapping (CAM), the field has focused on how to expand the attention regions to cover objects more broadly and localize them better. However, these strategies rely on full localization supervision to validate hyperparameters and for model selection, which is in principle prohibited under the WSOL setup. In this paper, we argue that WSOL task is ill-posed with only image-level labels, and …
Although recent advances in deep learning accelerated an improvement in a weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) task, there are still challenges to identify the entire body of an object, rather than only discriminative parts. In this paper, we propose a novel residual fine-grained attention (RFGA) module that autonomously excites the less activated regions of an object by utilizing information distributed over channels and locations within feature maps in combination with a residual operation. To be specific, we devise a series of mechanisms of triple-view attention representation, atte…
Institute of Medical Technology Peking University（北京大学医学技术研究院）；Bytedance AI Lab（字节跳动人工智能实验室）；Department of Biomedical Engineering Peking University（北京大学生物医学工程系）；University of Western Ontario（西安大略大学）；Institute of Biomedical Engineering Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School（北京大学深圳研究生院生物医学工程研究所）
Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) focuses on localizing objects only with the supervision of image-level classification masks. Most previous WSOL methods follow the classification activation map (CAM) that localizes objects based on the classification structure with the multi-instance learning (MIL) mechanism. However, the MIL mechanism makes CAM only activate discriminative object parts rather than the whole object, weakening its performance for localizing objects. To avoid this problem, this work provides a novel perspective that models WSOL as a domain adaption (DA) task, where t…
Fudan University（复旦大学）；Shanghai University of Finance and Economics（上海财经大学）；Deakin University（迪肯大学）
Weakly Supervised Object Localization (WSOL) aims to localize objects with image-level supervision. Existing works mainly rely on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) derived from a classification model. However, CAM-based methods usually focus on the most discriminative parts of an object (i.e., incomplete localization problem). In this paper, we empirically prove that this problem is associated with the mixup of the activation values between less discriminative foreground regions and the background. To address it, we propose Class RE-Activation Mapping (CREAM), a novel clustering-based approach to…
We propose `Hide-and-Seek', a weakly-supervised framework that aims to improve object localization in images and action localization in videos. Most existing weakly-supervised methods localize only the most discriminative parts of an object rather than all relevant parts, which leads to suboptimal performance. Our key idea is to hide patches in a training image randomly, forcing the network to seek other relevant parts when the most discriminative part is hidden. Our approach only needs to modify the input image and can work with any network designed for object localization. During testing, we…
Nanjing University（南京大学）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）
Modern deep learning models require large amounts of accurately annotated data, which is often difficult to satisfy. Hence, weakly supervised tasks, including weakly supervised object localization~(WSOL) and detection~(WSOD), have recently received attention in the computer vision community. In this paper, we motivate and propose the weakly supervised foreground learning (WSFL) task by showing that both WSOL and WSOD can be greatly improved if groundtruth foreground masks are available. More importantly, we propose a complete WSFL pipeline with low computational cost, which generates pseudo bo…
