利用 VLT/SPHERE 和 HST/STIS 在 HD 110058 周围星盘中发现的内翘曲
An inner warp discovered in the disk around HD 110058 using VLT/SPHERE and HST/STIS
AI总结：
本研究结合 VLT/SPHERE 与 HST/STIS 散射光观测，表征 HD 110058 侧向碎屑星盘，发现20–60 au处存在3.4°内翘曲，并支持内侧倾斜行星质量伴星扰动的起源。
摘要：
2015年，在年轻且邻近的 A0V 型恒星 HD 110058 周围探测到一个侧向碎屑星盘。该星盘显示出类似于在 beta Pictoris 星盘中观测到的特征，这些特征可能表明该系统中存在一个具有扰动作用的行星质量伴星。我们研究了该星盘的新散射光图像和存档散射光图像，以表征其形态和光谱。特别是，我们分析了星盘的翘曲，以约束可能的行星扰动者的性质。我们的工作使用了来自两次 VLT/SPHERE 观测的数据以及来自 HST/STIS 的存档数据。我们通过分析沿星盘长度方向的垂直轮廓来提取质心脊线位置和垂直高度，从而测量星盘的形态。我们提取了星盘的表面亮度和反射光谱。我们在位置角 159.6°±0.6° 处探测到该星盘，范围从20 au（使用 SPHERE）到150 au（使用 STIS）。对脊线的分析显示星盘两侧之间存在不对称性，在约20 au至60 au之间存在3.4°±0.9°的翘曲。该星盘在散射光中勉强实现垂直分辨，在45 au处的垂直纵横比为9.3%±0.7%。提取的反射光谱没有特征，在0.95微米至1.1微米之间平坦，而在1.1微米至1.65微米之间偏红。星盘外部也不对称，两侧之间存在倾斜，这与由前向散射粒子组成且并非完全侧向观测的星盘相符，表明倾角小于84°。一个尚未被探测到的、相对于星盘处于倾斜轨道上的行星质量伴星的存在可以解释该翘曲。星盘内部相对于外部星盘的未对准表明存在一个尚未传播到星盘外部的翘曲，这支持内部扰动者作为翘曲起源的情景。
英文摘要：
An edge-on debris disk was detected in 2015 around the young, nearby A0V star HD 110058. The disk showed features resembling those seen in the disk of beta Pictoris that could indicate the presence of a perturbing planetary-mass companion in the system. We investigated new and archival scattered light images of the disk in order to characterise its morphology and spectrum. In particular, we analysed the disk's warp to constrain the properties of possible planetary perturbers. Our work uses data from two VLT/SPHERE observations and archival data from HST/STIS. We measured the morphology of the disk by analysing vertical profiles along the length of the disk to extract the centroid spine position and vertical height. We extracted the surface brightness and reflectance spectrum of the disk. We detect the disk between 20 au (with SPHERE) and 150 au (with STIS), at a position angle of 159.6$^\circ\pm$0.6$^\circ$. Analysis of the spine shows an asymmetry between the two sides of the disk, with a 3.4$^\circ\pm$0.9$^\circ$ warp between ~20 au and 60 au. The disk is marginally vertically resolved in scattered light, with a vertical aspect ratio of 9.3$\pm$0.7% at 45 au. The extracted reflectance spectrum is featureless, flat between 0.95 micron and 1.1 micron, and red from 1.1 micron to 1.65 micron. The outer parts of the disk are also asymmetric with a tilt between the two sides compatible with a disk made of forward-scattering particles and seen not perfectly edge-on, suggesting an inclination of <84$^\circ$. The presence of an undetected planetary-mass companion on an inclined orbit with respect to the disk could explain the warp. The misalignment of the inner parts of the disk with respect to the outer disk suggests a warp that has not yet propagated to the outer parts of the disk, favouring the scenario of an inner perturber as the origin of the warp.
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