从军事到医疗：采用并扩展生成式人工智能的伦理原则
From Military to Healthcare: Adopting and Expanding Ethical Principles for Generative Artificial Intelligence
AI总结：
本文借鉴军事AI伦理原则，针对医疗领域生成式AI的伦理研究不足问题，提出了涵盖治理、可靠性、公平性、问责制、可追溯性、隐私、合法性、共情和自主性的GREAT PLEA伦理原则，以主动应对其整合到医疗中带来的伦理困境与挑战。
摘要：
2020年，美国国防部正式披露了一套伦理原则，以指导人工智能（AI）技术在未来战场上的使用。尽管存在显著差异，但军事和医疗服务之间有着核心相似之处。战场上的战士经常面临需要快速决策的改变人生的状况。医疗提供者在快速变化的医疗环境中也经历着类似的挑战，例如在急诊科或在进行治疗危及生命的疾病的手术期间。生成式AI作为一种旨在高效生成有价值信息的新兴技术，具有广阔的前景。随着计算能力变得更加普及，以及电子健康记录、心电图和医学图像等健康数据的丰富度增加，医疗被这项技术革命化是不可避免的。最近，生成式AI吸引了研究界的关注，引发了关于其在医疗中应用的辩论，主要是出于对透明度及相关问题的担忧。同时，由于建模偏差可能加剧健康差距的担忧，引发了关于在医疗中使用这项技术的显著伦理担忧。然而，医疗中生成式AI的伦理原则一直研究不足，决策者往往未能考虑生成式AI的重要性。在本文中，我们提出了GREAT PLEA伦理原则，涵盖治理、可靠性、公平性、问责制、可追溯性、隐私、合法性、共情和自主性，用于医疗中的生成式AI。我们旨在主动应对生成式AI整合到医疗中带来的伦理困境和挑战。
英文摘要：
In 2020, the U.S. Department of Defense officially disclosed a set of ethical principles to guide the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies on future battlefields. Despite stark differences, there are core similarities between the military and medical service. Warriors on battlefields often face life-altering circumstances that require quick decision-making. Medical providers experience similar challenges in a rapidly changing healthcare environment, such as in the emergency department or during surgery treating a life-threatening condition. Generative AI, an emerging technology designed to efficiently generate valuable information, holds great promise. As computing power becomes more accessible and the abundance of health data, such as electronic health records, electrocardiograms, and medical images, increases, it is inevitable that healthcare will be revolutionized by this technology. Recently, generative AI has captivated the research community, leading to debates about its application in healthcare, mainly due to concerns about transparency and related issues. Meanwhile, concerns about the potential exacerbation of health disparities due to modeling biases have raised notable ethical concerns regarding the use of this technology in healthcare. However, the ethical principles for generative AI in healthcare have been understudied, and decision-makers often fail to consider the significance of generative AI. In this paper, we propose GREAT PLEA ethical principles, encompassing governance, reliability, equity, accountability, traceability, privacy, lawfulness, empathy, and autonomy, for generative AI in healthcare. We aim to proactively address the ethical dilemmas and challenges posed by the integration of generative AI in healthcare.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
