In the context of flexible manufacturing systems that are required to produce different types and quantities of products with minimal reconfiguration, this paper addresses the problem of unsupervised multi-class anomaly detection: develop a unified model to detect anomalies from objects belonging to multiple classes when only normal data is accessible. We first explore the generative-based approach and investigate latent diffusion models for reconstruction to mitigate the notorious ``identity shortcut'' issue in auto-encoder based methods. We then introduce a feature editing strategy that modifies the input feature space of the diffusion model to further alleviate ``identity shortcuts'' and meanwhile improve the reconstruction quality of normal regions, leading to fewer false positive predictions. Moreover, we are the first who pose the problem of hyperparameter selection in unsupervised anomaly detection, and propose a solution of synthesizing anomaly data for a pseudo validation set to address this problem. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets MVTec-AD and MPDD show that the proposed LafitE, \ie, Latent Diffusion Model with Feature Editing, outperforms state-of-art methods by a significant margin in terms of average AUROC. The hyperparamters selected via our pseudo validation set are well-matched to the real test set.
Pengcheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）
Facial attributes in StyleGAN generated images are entangled in the latent space which makes it very difficult to independently control a specific attribute without affecting the others. Supervised attribute editing requires annotated training data which is difficult to obtain and limits the editable attributes to those with labels. Therefore, unsupervised attribute editing in an disentangled latent space is key to performing neat and versatile semantic face editing. In this paper, we present a new technique termed Structure-Texture Independent Architecture with Weight Decomposition and Orthog…
Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）；Yonsei University（延世大学）
Despite the success of diffusion models (DMs), we still lack a thorough understanding of their latent space. While image editing with GANs builds upon latent space, DMs rely on editing the conditions such as text prompts. We present an unsupervised method to discover interpretable editing directions for the latent variables $\mathbf{x}_t \in \mathcal{X}$ of DMs. Our method adopts Riemannian geometry between $\mathcal{X}$ and the intermediate feature maps $\mathcal{H}$ of the U-Nets to provide a deep understanding over the geometrical structure of $\mathcal{X}$. The discovered semantic latent d…
GAN Inversion for Image Editing via Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院）
As recent generative models can generate photo-realistic images, people seek to understand the mechanism behind the generation process. Interpretable generation process is beneficial to various image editing applications. In this work, we propose a framework to discover interpretable directions in the latent space given arbitrary pre-trained generative adversarial networks. We propose to learn the transformation from prior one-hot vectors representing different attributes to the latent space used by pre-trained models. Furthermore, we apply a centroid loss function to improve consistency and s…
Unsupervised Region-Based Image Editing of Denoising Diffusion Models
Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学信息科学研究所）；Pengcheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；University of Trento（特伦托大学）；Lanzhou Jiaotong University（兰州交通大学）
Multi-task SAR Image Processing via GAN-based Unsupervised Manipulation
School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University（西安电子科技大学电子工程学院）；Kunshan Innovation Institute of Xidian University（西安电子科技大学昆山创新研究院）；University of Montenegro（黑山大学）
RoboSwap: A GAN-driven Video Diffusion Framework For Unsupervised Robot Arm Swapping
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich)（慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学）；Huawei Heisenberg Research Center（华为海森堡研究中心）；Technische Universität München (TUM)（慕尼黑技术大学）；Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg（弗赖堡阿尔伯特-路易斯-大学）
Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Existing methods for face image manipulation generally focus on editing the expression, changing some predefined attributes, or applying different filters. However, users lack the flexibility of controlling the shapes of different semantic facial parts in the generated face. In this paper, we propose an approach to compute a disentangled shape representation for a face image, namely the FaceShapeGene. The proposed FaceShapeGene encodes the shape information of each semantic facial part separately into a 1D latent vector. On the basis of the FaceShapeGene, a novel part-wise face image editing s…
Segmenting an image into its parts is a frequent preprocess for high-level vision tasks such as image editing. However, annotating masks for supervised training is expensive. Weakly-supervised and unsupervised methods exist, but they depend on the comparison of pairs of images, such as from multi-views, frames of videos, and image augmentation, which limits their applicability. To address this, we propose a GAN-based approach that generates images conditioned on latent masks, thereby alleviating full or weak annotations required in previous approaches. We show that such mask-conditioned image …
Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica（中央研究院信息科学研究所）；National Tsing Hua University（国立清华大学）
This paper presents a "learning to learn" approach to figure-ground image segmentation. By exploring webly-abundant images of specific visual effects, our method can effectively learn the visual-effect internal representations in an unsupervised manner and uses this knowledge to differentiate the figure from the ground in an image. Specifically, we formulate the meta-learning process as a compositional image editing task that learns to imitate a certain visual effect and derive the corresponding internal representation. Such a generative process can help instantiate the underlying figure-groun…
Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学深圳校区）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；UiT The Arctic University of Norway（挪威北极大学）；ByteDance（字节跳动）
Image-based virtual try-on is one of the most promising applications of human-centric image generation due to its tremendous real-world potential. In this work, we take a step forwards to explore versatile virtual try-on solutions, which we argue should possess three main properties, namely, they should support unsupervised training, arbitrary garment categories, and controllable garment editing. To this end, we propose a characteristic-preserving end-to-end network, the PAtch-routed SpaTially-Adaptive GAN++ (PASTA-GAN++), to achieve a versatile system for high-resolution unpaired virtual try-…
Peking University（北京大学）；Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Interactive segmentation enables users to segment as needed by providing cues of objects, which introduces human-computer interaction for many fields, such as image editing and medical image analysis. Typically, massive and expansive pixel-level annotations are spent to train deep models by object-oriented interactions with manually labeled object masks. In this work, we reveal that informative interactions can be made by simulation with semantic-consistent yet diverse region exploration in an unsupervised paradigm. Concretely, we introduce a Multi-granularity Interaction Simulation (MIS) appr…
Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；University of Athens（雅典大学）；The Cyprus Institute（塞浦路斯研究所）
Recent advances in the understanding of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have led to remarkable progress in visual editing and synthesis tasks, capitalizing on the rich semantics that are embedded in the latent spaces of pre-trained GANs. However, existing methods are often tailored to specific GAN architectures and are limited to either discovering global semantic directions that do not facilitate localized control, or require some form of supervision through manually provided regions or segmentation masks. In this light, we present an architecture-agnostic approach that jointly discove…
Facebook AI Research（脸书人工智能研究院）；LIGM (UMR 8049) - École des Ponts, UPE（巴黎东大学桥梁学校信息、高斯与数学实验室（UMR 8049））
Deep image generation is becoming a tool to enhance artists and designers creativity potential. In this paper, we aim at making the generation process more structured and easier to interact with. Inspired by vector graphics systems, we propose a new deep image reconstruction paradigm where the outputs are composed from simple layers, defined by their color and a vector transparency mask. This presents a number of advantages compared to the commonly used convolutional network architectures. In particular, our layered decomposition allows simple user interaction, for example to update a given ma…
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Google（谷歌）
We describe a method to extract persistent elements of a dynamic scene from an input video. We represent each scene element as a \emph{Deformable Sprite} consisting of three components: 1) a 2D texture image for the entire video, 2) per-frame masks for the element, and 3) non-rigid deformations that map the texture image into each video frame. The resulting decomposition allows for applications such as consistent video editing. Deformable Sprites are a type of video auto-encoder model that is optimized on individual videos, and does not require training on a large dataset, nor does it rely on …
Enabling Local Editing in Diffusion Models by Joint and Individual Component Analysis
National Technical University of Athens（雅典国家技术大学）；Archimedes AI, Athena RC（雅典娜研究中心阿基米德人工智能）；National and Kapodistrian University of Athens（雅典国立卡波季斯特里安大学）；The Cyprus Institute（塞浦路斯研究所）
EPFL（洛桑联邦理工学院）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Boğaziçi University（博阿齐奇大学）
Recent research has shown that it is possible to find interpretable directions in the latent spaces of pre-trained Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). These directions enable controllable image generation and support a wide range of semantic editing operations, such as zoom or rotation. The discovery of such directions is often done in a supervised or semi-supervised manner and requires manual annotations which limits their use in practice. In comparison, unsupervised discovery allows finding subtle directions that are difficult to detect a priori. In this work, we propose a contrastive le…
Institute of Computing Technology（计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Huawei Technologies（华为技术有限公司）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
In recent years, creative content generations like style transfer and neural photo editing have attracted more and more attention. Among these, cartoonization of real-world scenes has promising applications in entertainment and industry. Different from image translations focusing on improving the style effect of generated images, video cartoonization has additional requirements on the temporal consistency. In this paper, we propose a spatially-adaptive semantic alignment framework with perceptual motion consistency for coherent video cartoonization in an unsupervised manner. The semantic align…
Image attribute editing is a challenging problem that has been recently studied by many researchers using generative networks. The challenge is in the manipulation of selected attributes of images while preserving the other details. The method to achieve this goal is to find an accurate latent vector representation of an image and a direction corresponding to the attribute. Almost all the works in the literature use labeled datasets in a supervised setting for this purpose. In this study, we introduce an architecture called Cyclic Reverse Generator (CRG), which allows learning the inverse func…
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；the Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；University of California Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
In this work, we study the image transformation problem, which targets at learning the underlying transformations (e.g., the transition of seasons) from a collection of unlabeled images. However, there could be countless of transformations in the real world, making such a task incredibly challenging, especially under the unsupervised setting. To tackle this obstacle, we propose a novel learning framework built on generative adversarial networks (GANs), where the discriminator and the generator share a transformation space. After the model gets fully optimized, any two points within the shared …
In recent years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have become a hot topic among researchers and engineers that work with deep learning. It has been a ground-breaking technique which can generate new pieces of content of data in a consistent way. The topic of GANs has exploded in popularity due to its applicability in fields like image generation and synthesis, and music production and composition. GANs have two competing neural networks: a generator and a discriminator. The generator is used to produce new samples or pieces of content, while the discriminator is used to recognize whether…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Stevens Institute of Technology（史蒂文斯理工学院）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）
In this paper, we study a new representation-learning task, which we termed as disassembling object representations. Given an image featuring multiple objects, the goal of disassembling is to acquire a latent representation, of which each part corresponds to one category of objects. Disassembling thus finds its application in a wide domain such as image editing and few- or zero-shot learning, as it enables category-specific modularity in the learned representations. To this end, we propose an unsupervised approach to achieving disassembling, named Unsupervised Disassembling Object Representati…
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学S-Lab）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）
Natural images are projections of 3D objects on a 2D image plane. While state-of-the-art 2D generative models like GANs show unprecedented quality in modeling the natural image manifold, it is unclear whether they implicitly capture the underlying 3D object structures. And if so, how could we exploit such knowledge to recover the 3D shapes of objects in the images? To answer these questions, in this work, we present the first attempt to directly mine 3D geometric cues from an off-the-shelf 2D GAN that is trained on RGB images only. Through our investigation, we found that such a pre-trained GA…
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Kuaishou Technology（快手科技）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
We present ONeRF, a method that automatically segments and reconstructs object instances in 3D from multi-view RGB images without any additional manual annotations. The segmented 3D objects are represented using separate Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) which allow for various 3D scene editing and novel view rendering. At the core of our method is an unsupervised approach using the iterative Expectation-Maximization algorithm, which effectively aggregates 2D visual features and the corresponding 3D cues from multi-views for joint 3D object segmentation and reconstruction. Unlike existing approac…
Bosch Center for AI（博世人工智能中心）；MPI for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所）；University of Tübingen（图宾根大学）
Prior work has extensively studied the latent space structure of GANs for unconditional image synthesis, enabling global editing of generated images by the unsupervised discovery of interpretable latent directions. However, the discovery of latent directions for conditional GANs for semantic image synthesis (SIS) has remained unexplored. In this work, we specifically focus on addressing this gap. We propose a novel optimization method for finding spatially disentangled class-specific directions in the latent space of pretrained SIS models. We show that the latent directions found by our method…
A rich set of interpretable dimensions has been shown to emerge in the latent space of the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) trained for synthesizing images. In order to identify such latent dimensions for image editing, previous methods typically annotate a collection of synthesized samples and train linear classifiers in the latent space. However, they require a clear definition of the target attribute as well as the corresponding manual annotations, limiting their applications in practice. In this work, we examine the internal representation learned by GANs to reveal the underlying var…
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar（印度理工学院甘地讷格尔分校）
Recently, there is a vast interest in developing image feature learning methods that are independent of the training data, such as deep image prior, InGAN, SinGAN, and DCIL. These methods are unsupervised and are used to perform low-level vision tasks such as image restoration, image editing, and image synthesis. In this work, we proposed a new training data-independent framework, called Deep Contextual Features Learning (DeepCFL), to perform image synthesis and image restoration based on the semantics of the input image. The contextual features are simply the high dimensional vectors represen…
University of Trento（特伦托大学）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Fondazione Bruno Kessler（布鲁诺·凯塞勒基金会）
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in image editing methods that employ pre-trained unconditional image generators (e.g., StyleGAN). However, applying these methods to translate images to multiple visual domains remains challenging. Existing works do not often preserve the domain-invariant part of the image (e.g., the identity in human face translations), they do not usually handle multiple domains, or do not allow for multi-modal translations. This work proposes an implicit style function (ISF) to straightforwardly achieve multi-modal and multi-domain image-to-image translation f…
The success of StyleGAN has enabled unprecedented semantic editing capabilities, on both synthesized and real images. However, such editing operations are either trained with semantic supervision or described using human guidance. In another development, the CLIP architecture has been trained with internet-scale image and text pairings and has been shown to be useful in several zero-shot learning settings. In this work, we investigate how to effectively link the pretrained latent spaces of StyleGAN and CLIP, which in turn allows us to automatically extract semantically labeled edit directions …
HKUST（香港科技大学）；UC San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Kuaishou Technology（快手科技）
We present radiance field propagation (RFP), a novel approach to segmenting objects in 3D during reconstruction given only unlabeled multi-view images of a scene. RFP is derived from emerging neural radiance field-based techniques, which jointly encodes semantics with appearance and geometry. The core of our method is a novel propagation strategy for individual objects' radiance fields with a bidirectional photometric loss, enabling an unsupervised partitioning of a scene into salient or meaningful regions corresponding to different object instances. To better handle complex scenes with multip…
The use of autoencoders for shape editing or generation through latent space manipulation suffers from unpredictable changes in the output shape. Our autoencoder-based method enables intuitive shape editing in latent space by disentangling latent sub-spaces into style variables and control points on the surface that can be manipulated independently. The key idea is adding a Lipschitz-type constraint to the loss function, i.e. bounding the change of the output shape proportionally to the change in latent space, leading to interpretable latent space representations. The control points on the sur…
We propose a novel method for solving regression tasks using few-shot or weak supervision. At the core of our method is the fundamental observation that GANs are incredibly successful at encoding semantic information within their latent space, even in a completely unsupervised setting. For modern generative frameworks, this semantic encoding manifests as smooth, linear directions which affect image attributes in a disentangled manner. These directions have been widely used in GAN-based image editing. We show that such directions are not only linear, but that the magnitude of change induced on …
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-尚佩恩分校）；Google Research（谷歌研究院）
We present Retrieve in Style (RIS), an unsupervised framework for facial feature transfer and retrieval on real images. Recent work shows capabilities of transferring local facial features by capitalizing on the disentanglement property of the StyleGAN latent space. RIS improves existing art on the following: 1) Introducing more effective feature disentanglement to allow for challenging transfers (ie, hair, pose) that were not shown possible in SoTA methods. 2) Eliminating the need for per-image hyperparameter tuning, and for computing a catalog over a large batch of images. 3) Enabling fine-g…
Component-aware Unsupervised Logical Anomaly Generation for Industrial Anomaly Detection
Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University（复旦大学工程技术学院）；Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics（上海市人工智能与机器人工程研究中心）；Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education（教育部人工智能与机器人工程研究中心）
