具有质量亏损和相对论修正的多极复合玻色子量子场论
Quantum field theory for multipolar composite bosons with mass defect and relativistic corrections
AI总结：
针对原子高精度测量需求，该研究提出一种子空间有效场论，自洽推导含内部结构与质心的相互作用复合玻色子体系，得到相对论修正及相关应用结果。
摘要：
原子高精度测量已成为检验基础物理学、标准模型以及我们的引力理论的一种极具竞争力且不可或缺的技术。因此，这类测量显然需要对原子进行自洽的相对论性描述，而这种描述最终源于量子电动力学等量子场论。大多数量子计量学方法甚至假定采用有效场论处理方式，以通过压缩等技术实现精度提升。然而，从包含原子内部结构和质心的基础量子场论出发，自洽推导相互作用原子量子气体的工作尚未得到解决。我们提出了这样一种子空间有效场论，用于描述由原子核和电子组成、形成被称为cobosons（复合玻色子）的相互作用、携带自旋且可能带电的原子系综，其中与光的相互作用被纳入多极描述中。对单个coboson的能量、光-物质相互作用以及coboson之间散射势的相对论修正，以自洽且自然的方式产生。特别地，我们得到了coboson的质心运动与由质量亏损表征的内部结构之间的相对论耦合。我们利用这些结果推导了修正的束缚态能量（包括离子运动）、修正的散射势、Gross-Pitaevskii方程的相对论扩展，以及适用于原子钟或量子钟干涉测量的质量亏损。
英文摘要：
Atomic high-precision measurements have become a competitive and essential technique for tests of fundamental physics, the Standard Model, and our theory of gravity. It is therefore self-evident that such measurements call for a consistent relativistic description of atoms that eventually originates from quantum field theories like quantum electrodynamics. Most quantum-metrological approaches even postulate effective field-theoretical treatments to describe a precision enhancement through techniques like squeezing. However, a consistent derivation of interacting atomic quantum gases from an elementary quantum field theory that includes both the internal structure as well as the center of mass of atoms, has not yet been addressed. We present such a subspace effective field theory for interacting, spin carrying, and possibly charged ensembles of atoms composed of nucleus and electron that form composite bosons called cobosons, where the interaction with light is included in a multipolar description. Relativistic corrections to the energy of a single coboson, light-matter interaction, and the scattering potential between cobosons arise in a consistent and natural manner. In particular, we obtain a relativistic coupling between the coboson's center-of-mass motion and internal structure encoded by the mass defect. We use these results to derive modified bound-state energies, including the motion of ions, modified scattering potentials, a relativistic extension of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and the mass defect applicable to atomic clocks or quantum clock interferometry.
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