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arXiv 2307.02585astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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六分仪座矮球状星系大半径处恒星的丰度分析

Abundance Analysis of Stars at Large Radius in the Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

Ian U. Roederer, Andrew B. Pace, Vinicius M. Placco, Nelson Caldwell, Sergey E. Koposov, Mario Mateo, Edward W. Olszewski, Matthew G. Walker

AI总结:

本文首次对六分仪座矮球状星系大半径处的五颗贫金属恒星进行高分辨率光谱丰度分析,发现碳增丰无中子俘获元素增丰、r-过程核合成及Sr增丰等化学特征,表明其形成于化学不均匀区域。

摘要:

我们给出了位于六分仪座矮球状星系大半径处(半光半径的3.5–10.7倍)的五颗恒星的恒星参数和30种元素的化学丰度。我们利用自行、视向速度和金属丰度选取了这些恒星,并使用麦哲伦-稻盛-京瓷阶梯光栅光谱仪(Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph)收集的高分辨率光学光谱确认它们为六分仪座的贫金属成员星,其金属丰度范围为-3.34 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ -2.64。五颗恒星中有四颗表现出正常的碳丰度(-0.34 ≤ [C/Fe] ≤ +0.36)、α元素Mg、Si、Ca和Ti的轻度增强([α/Fe] = +0.12 ± 0.03),以及Na、Al、K、Sc、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni和Zn的普通丰度。我们识别出三种此前在六分仪座恒星中未知的化学特征。一颗恒星表现出C、N、O、Na、Mg、Si和K的大幅超丰([X/Fe] > +1.2),以及重元素的大幅缺乏([Sr/Fe] = -2.37 ± 0.25,[Ba/Fe] = -1.45 ± 0.20,[Eu/Fe] < +0.05),这确立了它属于碳增丰贫金属星中无中子俘获元素增丰的一类。三颗恒星表现出Eu的中等增丰(+0.17 ≤ [Eu/Fe] ≤ +0.70),且12种中子俘获元素之间的丰度比指示了r-过程核合成。另一颗恒星相对于更重元素具有高度增丰的Sr([Sr/Ba] = +1.21 ± 0.25)。这些化学特征均可归因于大质量、低金属丰度恒星或其终态。我们的结果是六分仪座大半径处恒星的首批结果,表明这些恒星形成于化学上不均匀的区域,例如在超暗矮星系中所发现的那些区域。

英文摘要:

We present stellar parameters and chemical abundances of 30 elements for five stars located at large radii (3.5-10.7 times the half-light radius) in the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We selected these stars using proper motions, radial velocities, and metallicities, and we confirm them as metal-poor members of Sextans with -3.34 <= [Fe/H] <= -2.64 using high-resolution optical spectra collected with the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph. Four of the five stars exhibit normal abundances of C (-0.34 <= [C/Fe] <= +0.36), mild enhancement of the alpha elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti ([alpha/Fe] = +0.12 +/- 0.03), and unremarkable abundances of Na, Al, K, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn. We identify three chemical signatures previously unknown among stars in Sextans. One star exhibits large overabundances ([X/Fe] > +1.2) of C, N, O, Na, Mg, Si, and K, and large deficiencies of heavy elements ([Sr/Fe] = -2.37 +/- 0.25, [Ba/Fe] = -1.45 +/- 0.20, [Eu/Fe] < +0.05), establishing it as a member of the class of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars with no enhancement of neutron-capture elements. Three stars exhibit moderate enhancements of Eu (+0.17 <= [Eu/Fe] <= +0.70), and the abundance ratios among 12 neutron-capture elements are indicative of r-process nucleosynthesis. Another star is highly enhanced in Sr relative to heavier elements ([Sr/Ba] = +1.21 +/- 0.25). These chemical signatures can all be attributed to massive, low-metallicity stars or their end states. Our results, the first for stars at large radius in Sextans, demonstrate that these stars were formed in chemically inhomogeneous regions, such as those found in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies.

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