arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2307.02474astro-ph.COgr-qc
收藏

来自引力波观测与最小形成质量的宇宙学耦合黑洞约束

Constraints on cosmologically coupled black holes from gravitational wave observations and minimal formation mass

Luca Amendola, Davi C. Rodrigues, Sumit Kumar, Miguel Quartin

AI总结:

本研究利用LVK引力波观测数据与黑洞最小形成质量,通过两种方法约束宇宙学耦合黑洞的质量增长指数$k$,给出不同质量分布下的$2\neq$置信上限,并探讨消除暗能量关联情形张力的最小质量条件。

摘要:

我们检验了LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA(LVK)探测到的黑洞(BHs)可能存在宇宙学耦合、且质量随宇宙学尺度因子的$k$次幂成比例增长的可能性——若$k\neq3$,这类黑洞还可能充当暗能量的来源。该方法是作为嵌入宇宙学背景、可能不存在奇点或视界的Kerr黑洞的扩展方案被提出的。在分析中,我们开发并应用了两种方法来检验这类宇宙学耦合黑洞(CCBHs,Cosmologically Coupled Black Holes),无论其是否与暗能量相关。我们考虑了双黑洞形成到并合之间时间间隔的不同情形,发现标准对数均匀分布给出的约束弱于经CCBH修正的分布情形。假设恒星起源黑洞的最小质量为$2M_\text{太阳}$,我们估算了观测到的黑洞中至少有一个初始质量低于该阈值的概率。我们既直接从观测数据获取这些概率,也通过假设LVK幂律加峰值质量分布来计算。在后一种情形下,我们在$2\neq$置信水平下发现:标准对数均匀分布对应的$k<2.1$,而CCBH修正分布对应的$k<1.1$。直接方法得到的约束边界略弱。考虑到CCBHs本质的不确定性,我们还发现,要消除$k=3$时的张力,所需的CCBH最小质量值应低于0.5 $M_\text{太阳}$(同样在$2\neq$置信水平下)。最后,我们表明未来的观测有望决定性地证实这些约束边界。

英文摘要:

We test the possibility that the black holes (BHs) detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) may be cosmologically coupled and grow in mass proportionally to the cosmological scale factor to some power $k$, which may also act as the dark energy source if $k\approx 3$. This approach was proposed as an extension of Kerr BHs embedded in cosmological backgrounds and possibly without singularities or horizons. In our analysis, we develop and apply two methods to test these cosmologically coupled BHs (CCBHs) either with or without connection to dark energy. We consider different scenarios for the time between the binary BH formation and its merger, and we find that the standard log-uniform distribution yields weaker constraints than the CCBH-corrected case. Assuming that the minimum mass of a BH with stellar progenitor is $2M_\odot$, we estimate the probability that at least one BH among the observed ones had an initial mass below this threshold. We obtain these probabilities either directly from the observed data or by assuming the LVK power-law-plus-peak mass distribution. In the latter case we find, at $2σ$ level, that $k < 2.1$ for the standard log-uniform distribution, or $k < 1.1$ for the CCBH-corrected distribution. Slightly weaker bounds are obtained in the direct method. Considering the uncertainties on the nature of CCBHs, we also find that the required minimum CCBH mass value to eliminate the tensions for $k=3$ should be lower than 0.5 $M_\odot$ (again at 2$σ$). Finally, we show that future observations have the potential to decisively confirm these bounds.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑