开放式办公室声学模拟中的认知表现：房间声学与语义的影响，而非声源空间分离的影响
Cognitive performance in open-plan office acoustic simulations: Effects of room acoustics and semantics but not spatial separation of sound sources
AI总结：
本文通过听觉-言语序列回忆任务研究开放式办公室声学模拟中的无关声音效应，发现语义性显著影响认知表现，而声源空间分离作用有限，且增加吸声可改善认知表现。
摘要：
无关声音效应（ISE）描述了相对于安静环境，短期记忆表现在无关声音存在时受损的现象。在大多数基于实验室的ISE研究中，无关声音的呈现方式较为有限，难以代表包括开放式办公室（OPOs）在内的复杂场景，且很少有研究考虑听觉信息的序列回忆。本文使用听觉-言语序列回忆任务研究ISE，评估了模拟开放式办公室声学中的相关因素：无关声音（包括语音的语义性）、耳机再现方法以及房间声学。结果（实验1和实验2）表明，在大多数条件下，无论是否包含语音，消声（无关）非语音声音均表现出ISE，但有意义语音相比外语语音产生的效应显著更高，表明存在语义效应。双耳与单声道再现条件下的表现差异在统计上不稳健，表明声源空间分离的作用有限。在实验3中，对于中频混响时间T30（秒）= 0.4、0.8、1.1的双耳房间声学条件，均表现出统计上稳健的ISE，表明无论代表开放式办公室的吸声水平如何，认知功能均受到损害。T30 = 0.4秒条件相对于T30 = 0.8秒和1.1秒条件的表现差异在统计上稳健。这强调了增加吸声对认知表现的益处，强化了现有的房间声学设计建议。T30 = 0.8秒与1.1秒条件之间的表现差异在统计上不稳健。综合来看，这些结果表明，具有特殊声学条件的ISE研究中的某些发现可能无法很好地推广到复杂的开放式办公室声学环境中。
英文摘要：
The irrelevant sound effect (ISE) characterizes short-term memory performance impairment during irrelevant sounds relative to quiet. Irrelevant sound presentation in most laboratory-based ISE studies has been rather limited to represent complex scenarios including open-plan offices (OPOs) and not many studies have considered serial recall of heard information. This paper investigates ISE using an auditory-verbal serial recall task, wherein performance was evaluated for relevant factors in simulating OPO acoustics: the irrelevant sounds including the semanticity of speech, reproduction methods over headphones, and room acoustics. Results (Experiments 1 and 2) show that ISE was exhibited in most conditions with anechoic (irrelevant) nonspeech sounds with/without speech, but the effect was substantially higher with meaningful speech compared to foreign speech, suggesting a semantic effect. Performance differences in conditions with diotic and binaural reproductions were not statistically robust, suggesting limited role of spatial separation of sources. In Experiment 3, statistically robust ISE were exhibited for binaural room acoustic conditions with mid-frequency reverberation times, T30 (s) = 0.4, 0.8, 1.1, suggesting cognitive impairment regardless of sound absorption representative of OPOs. Performance differences in T30 = 0.4 s relative to T30 = 0.8 and 1.1 s conditions were statistically robust. This emphasizes the benefits for cognitive performance with increased sound absorption, reinforcing extant room acoustic design recommendations. Performance differences in T30 = 0.8 s vs. 1.1 s were not statistically robust. Collectively, these results suggest that certain findings from ISE studies with idiosyncratic acoustics may not translate well to complex OPO acoustic environments.
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