噪声干扰与隐私缺失：开放式办公室声学不满意的建模
Noise disturbance and lack of privacy: Modeling acoustic dissatisfaction in open-plan offices
AI总结：
本研究基于28间开放式办公室的声学测量与349份使用者调查，发现隐私缺失比噪声干扰更能预测声学不满意，并揭示了SPL类指标与ISO 3382-3预期相悖等复杂规律。
摘要：
开放式办公室因声学问题受到不利影响是众所周知的。本研究旨在利用房间声学测量、使用期间的声环境测量以及涵盖多种工作场所参数的28间办公室中的使用者调查（n = 349）来对声学不满意进行建模。作为潜在因素，在预测声学不满意（AcDsat）时，隐私缺失（LackPriv）的贡献比噪声干扰（NseDstrb）高25%。基于语音声压级（SPL）衰减的房间声学指标（$L_{\text{p,A,s,4m}}$ 和 $r_{\text{C}}$）在预测这些因素方面优于基于语音传输指数的分心距离（$r_{\text{D}}$）。这与先前的研究结果相矛盾，并且基于SPL的指标在预测AcDsat和LackPriv时的趋势与基于ISO 3382-3的预期相反。对于使用期间的声环境，$L_{\text{A,90}}$ 和心理声学响度（$N_{\text{90}}$）预测了AcDsat，而SPL波动指标（$M_{\text{A,eq}}$）预测了LackPriv。然而，这些指标的预测能力弱于ISO 3382-3指标。中型办公室比大型（$\geq$50名使用者）办公室表现出更高的不满意程度。不满意程度在包括天花板高度、工作站数量和从业年限在内的参数上存在显著差异，但固定座位与更灵活、基于活动的办公配置之间没有差异。总体而言，这些发现凸显了利用仪器化声学测量来表征使用者感知的复杂性。
英文摘要：
Open-plan offices are well-known to be adversely affected by acoustic issues. This study aims to model acoustic dissatisfaction using measurements of room acoustics, sound environment during occupancy, and occupant surveys (n = 349) in 28 offices representing a diverse range of workplace parameters. As latent factors, the contribution of $\textit{lack of privacy}$ (LackPriv) was 25% higher than $\textit{noise disturbance}$ (NseDstrb) in predicting $\textit{acoustic dissatisfaction}$ (AcDsat). Room acoustic metrics based on sound pressure level (SPL) decay of speech ($L_{\text{p,A,s,4m}}$ and $r_{\text{C}}$) were better in predicting these factors than distraction distance ($r_{\text{D}}$) based on speech transmission index. This contradicts previous findings, and the trends for SPL-based metrics in predicting AcDsat and LackPriv go against expectations based on ISO 3382-3. For sound during occupation, $L_{\text{A,90}}$ and psychoacoustic loudness ($N_{\text{90}}$) predicted AcDsat, and a SPL fluctuation metric ($M_{\text{A,eq}}$) predicted LackPriv. However, these metrics were weaker predictors than ISO 3382-3 metrics. Medium-sized offices exhibited higher dissatisfaction than larger ($\geq$50 occupants) offices. Dissatisfaction varied substantially across parameters including ceiling heights, number of workstations, and years of work, but not between offices with fixed seating compared to more flexible and activity-based working configurations. Overall, these findings highlight the complexities in characterizing occupants' perceptions using instrumental acoustic measurements.
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