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arXiv 2306.05855astro-ph.HE
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探测极高红移I型双星体驱动超新星长伽马射线暴家族中的电磁-引力波发射重合性

Probing electromagnetic-gravitational wave emission coincidence in type I binary-driven hypernova family of long GRBs at very-high redshift

C. L. Bianco, M. T. Mirtorabi, R. Moradi, F. Rastegarnia, J. A. Rueda, R. Ruffini, Y. Wang, M. Della Valle, Liang Li, S. R. Zhang

AI总结:

利用高红移GRB的宇宙学时间膨胀分析Swift/XRT早期观测,验证BdHN情景中CO核心坍缩、νNS形成与演化,并推断短GRB的NS双星前身起源。

摘要:

Neil Gehrels Swift天文台卫星上XRT仪器的重新指向时间,给观测和研究伽马射线暴(GRB)触发后约40秒内的早期X射线辐射带来了挑战。为解决这一问题,我们采用一种利用红移在3至9之间GRB宇宙学时间膨胀的新方法。将该策略应用于Swift/XRT数据,我们研究了Swift星表中368个GRB(包括短暴和长暴)的最早X射线辐射。我们比较了在GRB观测者坐标系(OTD)和宇宙学静止坐标系(RTD)中测量的GRB触发与Swift/XRT首次观测之间的时间延迟。该技术在此用于分析z=8.233的GRB 090423(RTD约8.2秒)、z约9.4的GRB 090429B(RTD约10.1秒)以及z=4.61的GRB 220101A(RTD约14.4秒)。宇宙学时间膨胀使我们能够观测这三个GRB的极早期X射线余辉辐射。由此,我们验证了在双星体驱动超新星(BdHN)情景中碳氧(CO)核心坍缩以及同期新生中子星(νNS)形成并触发GRB事件的观测。我们还给出了νNS因超新星抛射物回吸而自旋加速、随后因X射线-光学-射电同步余辉辐射而减速的证据。一个短暂的引力波信号可能因快速旋转νNS从三轴到轴对称的转变而将这两个阶段分开。我们还分析了不同BdHN类型的长GRB红移分布,并推断BdHN II和III型可能产生短GRB的中子星双星前身系统。

英文摘要:

The repointing time of the XRT instrument on the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory satellite has posed challenges in observing and studying the early X-ray emissions within $\approx40$ s after a gamma-ray burst (GRB) trigger. To address this issue, we adopt a novel approach that capitalizes on the cosmological time dilation in GRBs with redshifts ranging from $3$ to $9$. Applying this strategy to Swift/XRT data, we investigate the earliest X-ray emissions of $368$ GRBs from the Swift catalog, including short and long GRBs. We compare the time delay between the GRB trigger and the initial Swift/XRT observation, measured in the GRB observer frame (OTD) and the cosmological rest-frame (RTD). This technique is here used in the analysis of GRB 090423 at $z=8.233$ (RTD $\sim8.2$ s), GRB 090429B at $z\approx9.4$ (RTD $\sim10.1$ s), and GRB 220101A at $z=4.61$ (RTD $\sim14.4$ s). The cosmological time dilation enables us to observe the very early X-ray afterglow emission in these three GRBs. We thus validate the observation of the collapse of the carbon-oxygen (CO) core and the coeval newborn neutron star ($ν$NS) formation triggering the GRB event in the binary-driven hypernova (BdHN) scenario. We also evidence the $ν$NS spin-up due to supernova ejecta fallback and its subsequent slowing down due to the X-optical-radio synchrotron afterglow emission. A brief gravitational wave signal may separate the two stages due to a fast-spinning $ν$NS triaxial-to-axisymmetric transition. We also analyze the long GRB redshift distribution for the different BdHN types and infer that BdHNe II and III may originate the NS binary progenitors of short GRBs.

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