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arXiv 2305.12907cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
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大型语言模型中的元上下文学习

Meta-in-context learning in large language models

Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics(马克斯·普朗克生物控制论研究所);University of Tübingen(图宾根大学);Google DeepMind(谷歌DeepMind)

Julian Coda-Forno, Marcel Binz, Zeynep Akata, Matthew Botvinick, Jane X. Wang, Eric Schulz

AI总结:

本文提出元上下文学习,证明大型语言模型可通过上下文学习递归提升自身能力,自适应重塑先验并修改策略,在回归与老虎机任务中表现优异,为替代传统微调提供了新途径。

摘要:

大型语言模型在各种任务中展现出了卓越的性能。上下文学习——即在提供若干示范后提升任务表现的能力——被视为其成功的主要因素之一。在本文中,我们证明大型语言模型的上下文学习能力可以通过上下文学习本身进行递归式提升。我们将这一现象称为元上下文学习。通过观察一维回归任务和双臂老虎机任务这两个理想化领域,我们表明元上下文学习能够自适应地重塑大型语言模型对预期任务的先验。此外,我们发现元上下文学习会修改此类模型的上下文学习策略。最后,我们将该方法扩展至真实世界回归问题基准,观察到其性能与传统学习算法相当。综上所述,本研究加深了我们对上下文学习的理解,并为纯粹通过元上下文学习(而非传统微调)使大型语言模型适应其应用环境铺平了道路。

英文摘要:

Large language models have shown tremendous performance in a variety of tasks. In-context learning -- the ability to improve at a task after being provided with a number of demonstrations -- is seen as one of the main contributors to their success. In the present paper, we demonstrate that the in-context learning abilities of large language models can be recursively improved via in-context learning itself. We coin this phenomenon meta-in-context learning. Looking at two idealized domains, a one-dimensional regression task and a two-armed bandit task, we show that meta-in-context learning adaptively reshapes a large language model's priors over expected tasks. Furthermore, we find that meta-in-context learning modifies the in-context learning strategies of such models. Finally, we extend our approach to a benchmark of real-world regression problems where we observe competitive performance to traditional learning algorithms. Taken together, our work improves our understanding of in-context learning and paves the way toward adapting large language models to the environment they are applied purely through meta-in-context learning rather than traditional finetuning.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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