We present an empirical analysis of the properties of dust-continuum emission in a sample of 17 galaxies in the early Universe ($4 < z < 8$) with well-sampled far-infrared (FIR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) compiled from the literature. We place our results into context by self-consistently comparing to samples of nearby star-forming galaxies, luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), and quasars. With the exception of two sources, we find no significant evolution in the dust emissivity index across cosmic time, measuring a consistent value of $β_\text{IR} = 1.8 \pm 0.3$ at $z > 4$, suggesting the effective dust properties do not change dramatically for most galaxies. Despite having comparable stellar masses, we find the high-redshift galaxies to be similar to, or even more extreme than, LIRGs in the HERUS sample in terms of dust temperature ($T_\text{dust} > 40 \, \mathrm{K}$) and IR luminosity ($L_\text{IR} > 10^{11} \, \mathrm{L_\odot}$). We find the dust temperature evolves mildly towards high redshift, though the LIRGs and quasars exhibit elevated temperatures indicating a more efficient and/or additional heating mechanism. Where available, we compare stellar-mass estimates to our inferred dust masses, whose degeneracy with dust temperature can only be mitigated with a well-constrained SED. In merely half of the cases the dust yield may be explained by supernovae alone, with four sources ($44\%$) significantly exceeding a highly optimistic yield where $M_\text{dust} \approx 0.01 M_*$. We discuss possible explanations for this apparent inconsistency and potential observational biases in the measurements of the dust properties of high-redshift galaxies, including in the current IR-bright sample.
Tracing the earliest stages of star and cluster formation in 19 nearby galaxies with PHANGS-JWST and HST: compact 3.3 $μ$m PAH emitters and their relation to the optical census of star clusters
DUSTiER (DUST in the Epoch of Reionization): dusty galaxies in cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization with RAMSES-CUDATON
近年来,星际尘埃已成为高红移宇宙和甚高红移宇宙研究中的一个重要课题。证据表明,在再电离时期,大质量恒星形成星系中已经存在高尘埃质量,可能影响电离光子逃逸到星系际介质中。此外,正确估计紫外波长处的尘埃消光对于精确的紫外光度函数(UVLF)预测和解释至关重要。本文研究了尘埃对高红移星系观测性质的影响,以及宇宙再电离。为此,我们耦合的物理模型尘埃生产的完全耦合的辐射流体动力学宇宙学模拟代码RAMSES-CUDATON,并执行$16^3$,$2048^3$,模拟,我们称之为DUSTiER的尘埃在再电离时代。它产生的星系与尘埃质量和紫外线斜率兼容的限制在z $\geq 5$。我们发现,消光对UVLF的亮端有着巨大的影响,甚至早在$\rm z=8$,我们的尘埃UVLF比无尘UVLF更符合观测。在$\rm z=5$中,被遮蔽的恒星形成的比例上升到45%,与ALMA的一些最新结果一致。最后,我们发现尘埃减少了质量比$10^{10} M_\odot$(比$\approx -18$ MAB 1600亮)大的星系的电离光子逃逸> 10%,对于我们最大的星系可能高达80-90%。然而,我们发现电离逃逸分数首先是由星系中的中性氢决定的,因为后者产生的传输比单独通过尘埃小100倍。
GLIMPSE-DDT spectroscopic properties of faint-end galaxies at $z\sim6$: Towards first metal enrichment, dust production, and ionizing photon production
The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research(麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究研究所);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所黎明宇宙中心);Tufts University(塔夫茨大学);Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, Ens de Lyon(里昂大学,里昂第一大学,里昂高等师范学校);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天文学研究所);Rutgers University(罗格斯大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
Resolving dust and Lyα emission in a lensed galaxy at the epoch of reionization with JWST/CANUCS
University of Ljubljana(卢布尔雅那大学);University of California Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);Saint Mary’s University(圣玛丽大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
First Light and Reionization Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XXII: UV-dust spatial offsets at the Epoch of Reionisation
University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);University of Sussex(萨塞克斯大学);Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学);Academia Sinica(中央研究院);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)
Accurate dust temperature and star formation rate in the most luminous $z>6$ quasar in the HYPerluminous quasars at the Epoch of ReionizatION (HYPERION) sample
本文通过ALMA Band 9高频观测精确测定z>6最亮类星体J0100+2802的尘埃温度、质量和恒星形成率,揭示其超大质量黑洞在黑洞-星系增长中占主导地位。
Clump-Scale Dust Attenuation in Epoch of Reionization Galaxies: Spatially Resolved Properties from FirstLight Simulations
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所计算天体物理中心);Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo(东京大学物理学系);Sterrenkundig Observatorium Department of Physics and Astronomy Universiteit Gent(根特大学物理与天文系天文观测台);Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University(早稻田大学理工学学术院理工学研究科);Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University(早稻田大学理工学学术院先进理工学部物理学系);Departamento de Fisica Teorica and CIAFF, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(马德里自治大学理学院理论物理系及CIAFF);CIAFF, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(马德里自治大学理学院CIAFF);Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University(京都大学理学研究科物理学系);Theoretical Astrophysics, Department of Earth and Space Science, The University of Osaka(大阪大学地球空间科学系理论天体物理学)
MSA-3D: A Diversity of Dust Attenuation Profiles Across the Epoch of Thin Disk Emergence
University of California, Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);University of California, Riverside(加州大学河滨分校);University of California Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of Kentucky(肯塔基大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestische Physik (MPE)(马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所);Swinburne University of Technology(斯威本科技大学);University of Sydney(悉尼大学)
The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): A narrow-band determination of the H$α$ Luminosity Function and Cosmic Star Formation into the Epoch of Reionization
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学天体物理研究所);Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford(牛津大学物理系天体物理学)
Earliest Galaxy Evolution in the CANUCS+Technicolor fields: Galaxy Properties at $z\sim10-16$ seen with the Full NIRCam Medium and Broad Band Filters
Waseda University(早稻田大学);Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics(邓拉普天文与天体物理研究所);York University(约克大学);University of Ljubljana(卢布尔雅那大学);University of California Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所);Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学);Tufts University(塔夫茨大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Saint Mary's University(圣玛丽大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学)
Observational and theoretical constraints on the formation and early evolution of the first dust grains in galaxies at 5 < z < 10
第一代恒星诞生于大爆炸后数亿年。这些恒星合成了比H和He重的元素,这些元素后来被驱逐到星际介质中,引发了金属的上升。在这种富集的介质中,形成了第一批尘埃颗粒。这一事件在宇宙学上对分子的形成至关重要,因为尘埃通过冷却低金属含量的恒星形成云起着重要作用,这些云可以分裂成较低质量的恒星。收集这些第一个尘埃颗粒的信息是困难的,因为大距离和低尘埃质量的负面联盟。我们结合星系在红移5 < z < 10的观测信息来限制它们的尘埃排放,并从理论上理解尘埃周期的第一个演化阶段。光谱能量分布(SED)与CIGALE和物理参数及其演变进行了建模。从这个SED拟合,我们建立了一个尘埃排放模板,这个人口的星系在再电离的时代。我们的新模型解释了为什么一些早期星系被观测到,而另一些则没有。我们及时跟踪超新星形成的第一个颗粒,后来被其他超新星爆炸摧毁,并在环星系和星系际介质中排出。我们已经找到了宇宙中第一批尘埃颗粒形成的证据。但是,最重要的是,这封信强调了收集更多数据和开发新设施的必要性,以进一步限制星系中再电离时代的尘埃循环。