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arXiv 1907.03488astro-ph.GA
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Astro2020科学白皮书:星系形成最早期的探索和表征:超越再电离时代

Astro2020 Science White Paper: Exploration and characterization of the earliest epoch of galaxy formation: beyond the re-ionization era

Kotaro Kohno, Yoichi Tamura, Akio Inoue, Ryohei Kawabe, Tai Oshima, Bunyo Hatsukade, Tatsuya Takekoshi, Yuki Yoshimura, Hideki Umehata, Helmut Dannerbauer, Clau… 展开作者

Kotaro Kohno, Yoichi Tamura, Akio Inoue, Ryohei Kawabe, Tai Oshima, Bunyo Hatsukade, Tatsuya Takekoshi, Yuki Yoshimura, Hideki Umehata, Helmut Dannerbauer, Claudia Cicone, Frank Bertoldi

摘要:

最先进的静止坐标系紫外和远红外测光和光谱观测正在把星系形成研究的红移前沿推向$z\sim9-11$甚至更高。最近的HST观测揭示了一个恒星形成星系的存在,该星系在$λ_{\rm obs}=1.47\pm0.01$ $μ$ m处表现出莱曼破裂,即,一个恒星质量为$\sim10^9 M_\odot$的$z=11.09^{+0.08}_{-0.12}$星系,表明在$z>10$的再电离时代(EoR)早期,星系的形成正在顺利进行。透镜莱曼破裂星系的目标光谱学通过检测明亮的[OIII] 88~ $μ$ m星云线,揭示了已知最早的金属,直到$z=9.1096\pm0.0006$,表明大爆炸后2.5亿年开始形成恒星,即,对应于$z\sim15$的红移。这些最新的发现使我们产生了一些关键问题:在EoR中金属富集是如何以及何时发生的?在$z=10-15$的最早期恒星形成星系的性质是什么?这些星系的空间分布是怎样的?它们与EoR期间假定的大尺度电离泡有什么关系?这些早期恒星形成星系的暗晕质量是多少?为了解决所有这些问题,我们需要在再电离前发现大量的$z=10-15$星系。在这里,我们讨论两种可能的途径:(1)对[OIII] 88 $μ$ m线发射星系进行亚毫米波长的广域、灵敏盲光谱巡天,以及(2)对射电至(亚)毫米波长的瞬态源进行超广域、高节奏光度巡天,以及使用超宽带摄谱仪进行的即时后续光谱巡天,捕捉到第三波PDMATHAMV射线爆发

英文摘要:

State-of-the-art rest-frame UV and FIR photometric and spectroscopic observations are now pushing the redshift frontiers of galaxy formation studies up to $z\sim9-11$ and beyond. Recent HST observations unveiled the presence of a star-forming galaxy exhibiting the Lyman break at $λ_{\rm obs}=1.47\pm0.01$ $μ$m, i.e., a $z=11.09^{+0.08}_{-0.12}$ galaxy with a stellar mass of $\sim10^9 M_\odot$, demonstrating that galaxy build-up was well underway early in the epoch of reionization (EoR) at $z>10$. Targeted spectroscopy of a lensed Lyman break galaxy uncovers the earliest metals known to date up to $z=9.1096\pm0.0006$ by detecting the bright [OIII] 88~$μ$m nebular line, indicating the onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang, i.e., corresponding to a redshift of $z\sim15$. These latest findings lead us to a number of key questions: How and when metal enrichment happened in the EoR? What was the nature of the earliest-epoch star-forming galaxies at $z=10-15$? What was the spatial distribution of such galaxies, and what was the relation to the putative large-scale ionization bubbles during the EoR? What were the dark-halo masses of such earliest-epoch star-forming galaxies? To address all these questions, we need to uncover a statistically large number of $z=10-15$ galaxies in the pre-reionization era. Here we argue two possible pathways: (1) a wide-area, sensitive blind spectroscopic survey of [OIII] 88 $μ$m line-emitting galaxies at submillimeter wavelengths, and (2) an ultra-wide-area, high-cadence photometric survey of transient sources at radio-to-(sub)millimeter wavelengths, together with the immediate follow-up spectroscopy with an ultra-wide-band spectrograph, to catch the pop-III $γ$-ray bursts.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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