The increasing popularity of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has led to growing concerns about their safety, security risks, and ethical implications. This paper aims to provide an overview of the different types of security risks associated with ChatGPT, including malicious text and code generation, private data disclosure, fraudulent services, information gathering, and producing unethical content. We present an empirical study examining the effectiveness of ChatGPT's content filters and explore potential ways to bypass these safeguards, demonstrating the ethical implications and security risks that persist in LLMs even when protections are in place. Based on a qualitative analysis of the security implications, we discuss potential strategies to mitigate these risks and inform researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals about the complex security challenges posed by LLMs like ChatGPT. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the ethical and security implications of LLMs, underscoring the need for continued research in this area.
What does ChatGPT return about human values? Exploring value bias in ChatGPT using a descriptive value theory
Institute D’Or for Research and Teaching（多尔研究与教学学院）；School of Psychology（心理学院）；School of Information Management（信息管理学院）；Dublin City University（都柏林城市大学）；University of Western Australia（西澳大学）
本研究基于 Schwartz 基础价值观理论，通过 OpenAI API 重复提示 ChatGPT 生成文本并使用词袋方法分析，发现其输出无明显价值偏见且高保真传递了价值内容，仅存在社会导向价值观的融合。
AI Ethics and Social Norms: Exploring ChatGPT's Capabilities From What to How
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Drexel University（德雷塞尔大学）；University of Siegen（锡根大学）；Westphal College of Media Arts and Design（媒体艺术与设计西弗尔学院）；Digital Media Department（数字媒体系）；Information Systems（信息系统）
Exploring the Limits of ChatGPT in Software Security Applications
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor（密歇根大学安娜堡分校）；ASU（亚利桑那州立大学）；Washington University in St. Louis（圣路易斯华盛顿大学）；University of Wisconsin, Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）
Exploring the Use of Large Language Models for Reference-Free Text Quality Evaluation: An Empirical Study
Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen（哈尔滨工业大学（深圳））；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies（广东省新型安全智能技术重点实验室）
When Do Model Internals Help? Exploring the Role of Representation Engineering in LLM Safety
State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing, Peking University（北京大学多媒体信息处理国家重点实验室）；School of Computer Science, Peking University（北京大学计算机科学学院）
AI in the Gray: Exploring Moderation Policies in Dialogic Large Language Models vs. Human Answers in Controversial Topics
IMDEA Networks Institute（IMDEA网络研究所）；Universidad Carlos III de Madrid（马德里卡洛斯三世大学）；University of Surrey（萨里大学）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；VRAIN, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia（瓦伦西亚理工大学VRAIN研究所）
Exploring the Trade-Offs: Unified Large Language Models vs Local Fine-Tuned Models for Highly-Specific Radiology NLI Task
The University of Georgia（佐治亚大学）；The University of Texas at Arlington（德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校）；Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）；Mayo Clinic（梅奥诊所）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）；Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.（上海联影智能医疗科技有限公司）；Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center（上海临床研究与试验中心）
Exploring a Large Language Model for Transforming Taxonomic Data into OWL: Lessons Learned and Implications for Ontology Development
University of Sao Paulo, Polytechnic School, Computer Engineering and Digital Systems（圣保罗大学，理工学院，计算机工程与数字系统）；University of Sao Paulo, Center for Artificial Intelligence (C4AI)（圣保罗大学，人工智能中心（C4AI））；University of Twente, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science（代尔夫特理工大学，电气工程、数学与计算机科学学院）；Leiden University Medical Center, Human Genetics（莱顿大学医学中心，人类遗传学）；University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science（圣保罗大学，数学与计算机科学研究所）；University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics（圣保罗大学，路易斯·德·奎罗兹农业学院，应用经济学研究中心）；University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics（圣保罗大学，数学与统计学研究所）；Embrapa Digital Agriculture, Campinas（巴西数字农业研究所，坎皮纳斯）
ChatGPT as Data Augmentation for Compositional Generalization: A Case Study in Open Intent Detection
Ingenuity Labs Research Institute（创新实验室研究所）；Queen’s University（女王大学）；Smith School of Business（史密斯商学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering（电气与计算机工程系）
Never say never: Exploring the effects of available knowledge on agent persuasiveness in controlled physiotherapy motivation dialogues
Institute of Business Information Technology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland（瑞士应用科学大学商业信息技术学院）；Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland（西北瑞士应用科学大学信息系统研究所）；Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Germany（比勒菲尔德大学认知交互技术中心）
Exploring the Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Thematic Analysis
Dundalk Institute of Technology（唐道克理工学院）；Dublin Business School（都柏林商学院）；University College Dublin（都柏林大学学院）；Technological University Dublin（都柏林理工大学）；Jagan Institute of Management Studies（贾根管理学院）
Exploring the Privacy Protection Capabilities of Chinese Large Language Models
School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院）；Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学交通数据分析与挖掘北京市重点实验室）；Key Laboratory of Big Data Artificial Intelligence in Transportation(Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education（交通大数据人工智能教育部重点实验室（北京交通大学））
Hidden in Plain Sight: Exploring Chat History Tampering in Interactive Language Models
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院）
GrammarGPT: Exploring Open-Source LLMs for Native Chinese Grammatical Error Correction with Supervised Fine-Tuning
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳））；Soochow University（苏州大学）；Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data（深圳大数据研究院）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
