淬火自旋玻色凝聚体中怪波的普适动力学
Universal dynamics of rogue waves in a quenched spinor Bose condensate
AI总结：
本文研究淬火自旋玻色凝聚体中怪波的普适动力学，发现随机势关联长度的时间演化导致新的时间标度指数，并提出非热固定点普适类可由相互关联的时空指数共同表征。
摘要：
远离平衡的孤立多体系统可能表现出具有普适指数的标度动力学，表明时间演化接近一个非热固定点。我们发现，在自旋气体相互耦合的磁性分量中，极端波激发（即怪波）的出现与普适动力学相关，这些怪波在有效随机势中传播。怪波的频率受到该势随时间变化的空间关联长度的影响，从而产生一个额外的时间标度指数 $δ_\mathrm{c} \simeq 1/3$，它不同于表征关联长度 $\ell_V \sim t^{\\,β_V}$ 随时间标度的指数 $β_V \simeq 1/4$。作为焦散（即聚焦事件）的结果，实时瞬子缺陷以时空涡旋的形式出现在自旋-1系统的拉莫尔相位中。支配瞬子出现频率的时间关联按 $t^{\\, δ_\mathrm{I}}$ 标度。这表明非热固定点的普适类可以由不同的、相互关联的指数来表征，这些指数分别定义时间和空间上的演化。我们的结果对于从第一性原理理解图案粗化具有重要意义，并对从早期宇宙到地球物理动力学和微观物理的动力学具有潜在影响。
英文摘要：
Isolated many-body systems far from equilibrium may exhibit scaling dynamics with universal exponents indicating the proximity of the time-evolution to a non-thermal fixed point. We find universal dynamics connected with the occurrence of extreme wave excitations in the mutually coupled magnetic components of a spinor gas which propagate in an effectively random potential. The frequency of these rogue waves is affected by the time-varying spatial correlation length of the potential, giving rise to an additional exponent $δ_\mathrm{c} \simeq 1/3$ for temporal scaling, which is different from the exponent $β_V \simeq 1/4$ characterizing the scaling of the correlation length $\ell_V \sim t^{\,β_V}$ in time. As a result of the caustics, i.e., focusing events, real-time instanton defects appear in the Larmor phase of the spin-1 system as vortices in space and time. The temporal correlations governing the instanton occurrence frequency scale as $t^{\, δ_\mathrm{I}}$. This suggests that the universality class of a non-thermal fixed point could be characterized by different, mutually related exponents defining the evolution in time and space, respectively. Our results have a strong relevance for understanding pattern coarsening from first principles and potential implications for dynamics ranging from the early universe to geophysical dynamics and micro physics.
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