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arXiv 2304.06372cs.RO
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机器人学中的接触模型:比较分析

Contact Models in Robotics: a Comparative Analysis

Inria(法国国家信息与自动化研究所);École normale supérieure(巴黎高等师范学院);PSL Research University(巴黎文理研究大学);LAAS-CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心自动化与系统分析实验室);Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics(捷克信息学、机器人学与控制论研究所);Czech Technical University(捷克技术大学)

Quentin Le Lidec, Wilson Jallet, Louis Montaut, Ivan Laptev, Cordelia Schmid, Justin Carpentier

AI总结:

本文综述了机器人学中的接触模型与数值方法,提出基于理论的定量基准,并通过开源C++实现评估各物理引擎,揭示常用近似可能扩大现实差距,以推动新模型与求解器的发展。

摘要:

物理仿真在机器人学中无处不在。无论是在基于模型的方法(例如,轨迹优化)中,还是在无模型算法(例如,强化学习)中,物理仿真器都是现代机器人控制流程的核心组成部分。在过去的几十年里,人们开发了多种机器人仿真器,每种仿真器都有专门的接触建模假设和算法解决方案。在本文中,我们综述了机器人学中常用的主要接触模型及相关数值方法,这些方法用于模拟涉及接触交互的高级机器人运动。特别地,我们回顾了接触和摩擦背后的物理定律(即,Signorini条件、Coulomb定律和最大耗散原理),以及它们如何在当前的仿真器中被转述。对于每个物理引擎,我们揭示了其固有的物理松弛以及由于所采用的数值技术而带来的局限性。基于我们的研究,我们提出了具有理论基础的定量标准,并在此基础上构建了评估仿真物理和计算方面的基准。我们通过一个开源且高效的C++实现来支持我们的工作,该实现涵盖了现有的算法变体。我们的结果表明,机器人学中常用的一些近似或算法可能会严重扩大现实差距并影响目标应用。我们希望这项工作将有助于激励新的接触模型、接触求解器以及机器人仿真器的发展,这些正是机器人运动生成近期进展的根源。

英文摘要:

Physics simulation is ubiquitous in robotics. Whether in model-based approaches (e.g., trajectory optimization), or model-free algorithms (e.g., reinforcement learning), physics simulators are a central component of modern control pipelines in robotics. Over the past decades, several robotic simulators have been developed, each with dedicated contact modeling assumptions and algorithmic solutions. In this article, we survey the main contact models and the associated numerical methods commonly used in robotics for simulating advanced robot motions involving contact interactions. In particular, we recall the physical laws underlying contacts and friction (i.e., Signorini condition, Coulomb's law, and the maximum dissipation principle), and how they are transcribed in current simulators. For each physics engine, we expose their inherent physical relaxations along with their limitations due to the numerical techniques employed. Based on our study, we propose theoretically grounded quantitative criteria on which we build benchmarks assessing both the physical and computational aspects of simulation. We support our work with an open-source and efficient C++ implementation of the existing algorithmic variations. Our results demonstrate that some approximations or algorithms commonly used in robotics can severely widen the reality gap and impact target applications. We hope this work will help motivate the development of new contact models, contact solvers, and robotic simulators in general, at the root of recent progress in motion generation in robotics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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