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环境效应对活动星系核的影响：电离外流发生率下降

The impact of environmental effects on AGN: a decline in the incidence of ionized outflows

B. Rodríguez Del Pino, S. Arribas, A. L. Chies-Santos, I. Lamperti, M. Perna, J. M. Vílchez

备注：
9 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
发表信息：
A&A 675, A41 (2023)
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AI总结：

本文利用SDSS DR13中约3300个AGN样本，结合星系群目录，发现致密环境中AGN电离外流发生率显著低于孤立AGN，表明环境通过气体剥离或饥饿抑制了AGN的气体吸积与核活动。

摘要：

活动星系核（AGN）通常被认为在较致密环境中较少出现，原因是星系间相互作用次数较少和/或其富气体储库被致密星系际介质剥离。然而，近期的观测和理论研究指出，冲压剥离效应可能会降低气体的角动量，使其向中心的超大质量黑洞（SMBH）内落，从而激活AGN阶段。本工作通过评估不同环境中AGN电离外流发生率的变化，探索环境与核活动之间的联系。我们从斯隆数字巡天数据第13版（SDSS DR13）中选取了约3300个光学AGN样本，并与Lim等人2017年的星系群目录进行匹配。我们进一步通过到星系群/星系团中心星系的投影距离以及到第5个近邻的投影面密度（δ₅）来探测它们的环境。我们发现，在较低质量（<10^{10.3}M⊙）下，卫星AGN中电离外流的比例（约7%）显著低于孤立AGN（约22%）。所有卫星AGN的外流比例随着到中心星系距离的减小而下降，而只有较低质量的AGN显示出随δ₅的显著下降。尽管本研究未包含星系团最致密区域中的AGN，但我们的发现表明，致密环境中的AGN吸积的气体少于场环境中的AGN，这可能是由于气体储库被剥离或饥饿所致，与环境与AGN活动之间的负相关一致。我们提出，所观测到的外流发生率向星系群和星系团较致密区域的变化，可能有助于解释星系团星系相对于场星系具有更高的气体金属丰度，尤其是在较低质量端。

英文摘要：

AGN have been generally considered to be less frequent in denser environments due to the lower number of galaxy-galaxy interactions and/or the removal of their gas-rich reservoirs by the dense intergalactic medium. However, recent observational and theoretical works suggest that the effect of ram-pressure stripping might reduce the angular momentum of their gas, causing it to infall towards the super massive black hole (SMBH) at their centre, activating the AGN phase. In this work we explore the connection between environment and nuclear activity by evaluating the variation in the incidence of ionized outflows in AGN across different environments. We select a sample of $\sim3300$ optical AGN from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 13 that we match with the group catalogue from Lim et al. 2017. We further probe their environment through the projected distance to the central galaxy of the group/cluster and the projected surface density to the 5th neighbour ($δ_5$). We find that at lower masses ($<10^{10.3}$M$_{\odot}$), the fraction of ionized outflows is significantly lower in satellite ($\sim7$%) than in isolated ($\sim22$%) AGN. The fraction of outflows in all satellite AGN decreases towards closer distances to the central, whereas only the lower-mass ones display a significant decline with $δ_5$. Although this study does not include AGN in the densest regions of galaxy clusters, our findings suggest that AGN in dense environments accrete less gas than those in the field potentially due to the removal of the gas reservoirs via stripping or starvation, consistent with a negative connection between environment and AGN activity. We propose that the observed change in the incidence of outflows towards denser regions of groups and clusters could contribute to the higher gas metallicities of cluster galaxies compared to field ones, especially at lower masses.

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