arXiv 2303.149452023-03-27gr-qc

黑洞的量子物质核（和量子头发）

Quantum matter core of black holes (and quantum hair)

Roberto Casadio, Octavian Micu

备注：: Invited chapter for the edited book New Frontiers in Gravitational Collapse and Spacetime Singularities (Eds. P. Joshi and D. Malafarina, Springer Singapore, expected in 2023)

摘要：

引力可以作为紫外线发散的调节器的想法几乎有一个世纪的历史，并激发了几种量子引力的方法。事实上，在有效场论中，普朗克能量下的引力散射可以从引力的非线性动力学中得到最小普朗克长度。对尘埃球引力坍缩的简单量子描述支持这样的结论，即这样的长度尺度确实是动态的，黑洞内部的物质形成了宏观尺寸的扩展核心。这些量子黑洞的几何形状可以用相干态来描述，相干态不能包含任意短波长的模式，与有限大小的物质核心相容。因此，经典的中心奇异性是没有实现的，但预期的广义相对论行为可以恢复在视界外的弱场区域与良好的近似。偏离经典的广义相对论解仍然存在，并形成量子头发，这改变了黑洞的物理描述。这些量子黑洞也避免了内（柯西）视界的存在，因为有效的能量密度和压强是可积的，这是量子物理学所要求的，并且不像经典物理学那样规则。

英文摘要：

The idea that gravity can act as a regulator of ultraviolet divergences is almost a century old and has inspired several approaches to quantum gravity. In fact, a minimum Planckian length can be shown to emerge from the nonlinear dynamics of gravity in the effective field theory approach to gravitational scatterings at Planckian energies. A simple quantum description of the gravitational collapse of a ball of dust supports the conclusion that such a length scale is indeed dynamical and matter inside black holes forms extended cores of macroscopic size. The geometry of these quantum black holes can be described by coherent states which cannot contain modes of arbitrarily short wavelength, compatibly with a matter core of finite size. Therefore, the classical central singularity is not realised, yet the expected general relativistic behaviour can be recovered in the weak-field region outside the horizon with good approximation. Deviations from classical general relativistic solutions are still present and form quantum hair which modify the thermodynamical description of black holes. These quantum black holes also avoid the presence of inner (Cauchy) horizons, since the effective energy density and pressures are integrable, as required by quantum physics, and not as regular as in classical physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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