由学科基金支持的跨学科论文产生了深刻而广泛的科学影响
Interdisciplinary Papers Supported by Disciplinary Grants Garner Deep and Broad Scientific Impact
AI总结：
本文研究了由学科基金支持的跨学科论文对科学影响的深远作用，发现虽然跨学科基金产生跨学科论文，但学科基金更有效推动高影响的跨学科研究。
摘要：
跨学科研究已成为创新的热点，并成为解决复杂社会挑战的关键方法。随着由基金支持的研究在塑造科学进步中的主导地位增加，以及对资助跨学科工作的兴趣增长，关于学科基金在促进高影响跨学科研究结果方面的有效性问题变得至关重要。本文量化了研究基金和出版物的跨学科性，涵盖了来自164个资金机构、26个国家的35万个基金和1985年至2009年间被130万篇论文承认支持的文献。我们的分析揭示了两个看似矛盾的模式：跨学科基金倾向于产生跨学科论文，这些论文通常与高影响相关。然而，与学科基金相比，跨学科基金平均产生较少的论文，且它们支持的跨学科论文的影响显著降低。我们证明，解释这一悖论的关键在于学科基金在推动高影响跨学科研究中的强大作用。具体而言，我们的结果表明，由深度学科基金支持的高跨学科论文获得了不成比例的引用，不仅在其核心学科内，而且在更广泛的领域中。此外，学科基金，特别是与其他类似基金结合使用时，更有效于产生高影响的跨学科研究。在科学领域对跨学科工作的支持迅速上升的同时，这些结果突显了学科基金在推动关键跨学科进展中的前所未有的作用，表明跨学科研究需要深入的学科专业知识和投资。
英文摘要：
Interdisciplinary research has emerged as a hotbed for innovation and a key approach to addressing complex societal challenges. The increasing dominance of grant-supported research in shaping scientific advances, coupled with growing interest in funding interdisciplinary work, raises fundamental questions about the effectiveness of interdisciplinary grants in fostering high-impact interdisciplinary research outcomes. Here, we quantify the interdisciplinarity of both research grants and publications, capturing 350,000 grants from 164 funding agencies across 26 countries and 1.3 million papers that acknowledged their support from 1985 to 2009. Our analysis uncovers two seemingly contradictory patterns: Interdisciplinary grants tend to produce interdisciplinary papers, which are generally associated with high impact. However, compared to disciplinary grants, interdisciplinary grants on average yield fewer papers and interdisciplinary papers they support tend to have substantially reduced impact. We demonstrate that the key to explaining this paradox lies in the power of disciplinary grants in propelling high-impact interdisciplinary research. Specifically, our results show that highly interdisciplinary papers supported by deeply disciplinary grants garner disproportionately more citations, both within their core disciplines and from broader fields. Moreover, disciplinary grants, particularly when combined with other similar grants, are more effective in producing high-impact interdisciplinary research. Amidst the rapid rise of support for interdisciplinary work across the sciences, these results highlight the hitherto unknown role of disciplinary grants in driving crucial interdisciplinary advances, suggesting that interdisciplinary research requires deep disciplinary expertise and investments.
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