用于增强且快速体积光热响应的混合气凝胶材料
Hybrid aeromaterials for enhanced and rapid volumetric photothermal response
AI总结：
针对三维碳纳米气凝胶光热转换受近表面吸收限制、体积利用率低的问题，研究提出高孔隙率混合气凝胶制备方案，通过rGO修饰的SiO₂微管骨架调控光散射与吸收，实现约2.5倍增强的超快速体积光热响应，拓展了光热应用场景。
摘要：
光热转换在太阳能热加热、催化、海水淡化等众多技术领域中至关重要。三维（3D）碳纳米材料基气凝胶已被证明是极具潜力的光热换能材料，但截至目前，其光热转换受限于近表面吸收，仅在受照表面区域产生强热局域化，气凝胶的大部分体积未得到利用。我们提出了一种创新的高孔隙率（>99.9%）光热混合气凝胶材料制备方案，该材料可实现超快速体积光热响应，与原始变体相比增强约2.5倍。该混合气凝胶基于由互连的空心二氧化硅（SiO₂）微管构成的强光散射骨架结构，骨架上修饰了极低含量（约几μg cm⁻³量级）的还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）纳米片作为光热剂。通过调控骨架结构内的rGO密度，可同时控制光散射与光吸收，进而调控体积光热响应。我们进一步表明，通过快速且可重复的气体激活，这些换能材料拓展了光热应用领域，例如无绳光驱动光控微流控泵以及软气动执行器。
英文摘要：
Conversion of light into heat is essential for a broad range of technologies such as solar thermal heating, catalysis and desalination. Three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanomaterial-based aerogels have shown to hold great promise as photothermal transducer materials. However, till now, their light-to-heat conversion is limited by surface-near absorption, resulting in a strong heat localization only at the illuminated surface region, while most of the aerogel volume remains unused. We present an innovative fabrication concept for highly porous (>99.9%) photothermal hybrid aeromaterials, that enable an ultra-rapid and volumetric photothermal response with an enhancement by a factor of around 2.5 compared to the pristine variant. The hybrid aeromaterial is based on strongly light-scattering framework structures composed of interconnected hollow silicon dioxide (SiO${_2}$) microtubes, which are functionalized with extremely low amounts (in order of a few $μ$g cm${^-}$${^3}$) of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, acting as photothermal agents. Tailoring the density of rGO within the framework structure enables us to control both, light scattering and light absorption, and thus the volumetric photothermal response. We further show that by rapid and repeatable gas activation these transducer materials expand the field of photothermal applications, like untethered light-powered and -controlled microfluidic pumps and soft pneumatic actuators.
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