A wind-driven model is a new framework to model observational properties of transients that are powered by continuous outflow from a central system. While it has been applied to Fast Blue Optical Transients (FBOTs), the applicability has been limited to post-peak behaviours due to the steady-state assumptions; non-steady-state physics, e.g., expanding outflow, is important to model the initial rising phase. In this paper, we construct a time-dependent wind-driven model, which can take into account the expanding outflow and the time evolution of the outflow rate. We apply the model to a sample of well-observed FBOTs. FBOTs require high outflow rates ($\sim 30$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) and fast velocity ($\sim 0.2-0.3c$), with the typical ejecta mass and energy budget of $\sim 0.2$ M$_{\odot}$ and $\sim 10^{52}$ erg, respectively. The energetic outflow supports the idea that the central engine of FBOTs may be related to a relativistic object, e.g., a black hole. The initial photospheric temperature is $10^{5-6}$ K, which suggests that FBOTs will show UV or X-ray flash similar to supernova shock breakouts. We discuss future prospects of surveys and follow-up observations of FBOTs in the UV bands. FBOTs are brighter in the UV bands than in the optical bands, and the timescale is a bit longer than in optical wavelengths. We suggest that UV telescopes with a wide field of view can play a key role in discovering FBOTs and characterizing their natures.
We investigate how magnetically driven outflows are powered by a rotating, weakly magnetized accretion flow onto a supermassive black hole using axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Our proposed model focuses on the accretion dynamics on an intermediate scale between the Schwarzschild radius and the galactic scale, which is $\sim$1-100 pc. We demonstrate that a rotating disk formed on a parsec-scale acquires poloidal magnetic fields via accretion and this produces an asymmetric bipolar outflow at some point. The formation of the outflow was found to follow the growth of strongly magne…
Dynamic shocks powered by a wide, relativistic, super-Eddington outflow launched by an accreting neutron star in the mid-20th century
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Cape Town（开普敦大学）；Rhodes University（罗德岛大学）；INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics（马克斯·普朗克核物理研究所）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）
Capture and tidal disruption of stars by the supermassive black hole in the Galactic center (GC) should occur regularly. The energy released and dissipated by this processes will affect both the ambient environment of the GC and the Galactic halo. A single star of super-Eddington eruption generates a subsonic out ow with an energy release of more than $10^{52}$ erg, which still is not high enough to push shock heated gas into the halo. Only routine tidal disruption of stars near the GC can provide enough cumulative energy to form and maintain large scale structures like the Fermi Bubbles. The …
Magnetically powered outbursts from white dwarf mergers
一颗白矮星双星的合并产生了一个差异旋转的物体，预计会产生强大的磁场。储存在差速旋转的动能部分耗散在磁主导的日冕，形成一个热的可变流出与喷射速度相当于$10^9$厘米秒$^{-1}$。流出物应该会携带大量的质量和能量持续数小时到数天，形成一个具有以下特征的膨胀火球。(i)火球最初是不透明的，它的内能主要是由被捕获的热辐射。储存的热量部分地转换为流的动能（通过绝热冷却）并部分地辐射出去。(ii)内部冲击在火球中发展并增加其辐射输出。(iii)发射能量的很大一部分在光学波段。因此，从合并中可以预期亮度为$L\sim 10^{41}-10^{42}$ erg s $^{-1}$且特征峰持续时间相当于1天的明亮光学瞬变。与经典新星或超新星不同，瞬变不涉及核能。峰值后的衰减反映了合并残留物中的差异旋转的阻尼。这样的爆发可以在当前和即将到来的光学调查中在本地宇宙中检测到。
Merging neutron stars produce "kilonovae"---electromagnetic transients powered by the decay of unstable nuclei synthesized via rapid neutron capture (the r-process) in material that is gravitationally unbound during inspiral and coalescence. Kilonova emission, if accurately interpreted, can be used to characterize the masses and compositions of merger-driven outflows, helping to resolve a long-standing debate about the origins of r-process material in the Universe. We explore how the uncertain properties of nuclei involved in the r-process complicate the inference of outflow properties from ki…
Luminous Red Novae as shock-powered transients I: Electron-scattering wings and deviations from Case B
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所）；Research Center for the Early Universe, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学理学研究科早期宇宙研究中心）；Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University（东北大学天文学研究所）
GRB 170817A was a subluminous short gamma-ray burst detected about 1.74 s after the gravitational wave signal GW170817 from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger. It is now understood as an off-axis event powered by the cocoon of a relativistic jet pointing 15 to 30 degrees away from the direction of observation. The cocoon was energized by the interaction of the incipient jet with the non-relativistic baryon wind from the merger remnant, resulting in a structured outflow with a narrow core and broad wings. In this paper, we couple the observational constraints on the structured outflow with a mo…
At 66 Mpc, AT2019qiz is the closest optical tidal disruption event (TDE) to date, with a luminosity intermediate between the bulk of the population and iPTF16fnl. Its proximity allowed a very early detection and triggering of multiwavelength and spectroscopic follow-up well before maximum light. The velocity dispersion of the host galaxy and fits to the TDE light curve indicate a black hole mass $\approx 10^6$ M$_\odot$, disrupting a star of $\approx 1$ M$_\odot$. Comprehensive UV, optical and X-ray data shows that the early optical emission is dominated by an outflow, with a luminosity evolut…
Cool outflows are now commonly observed in galaxies, but their physical origin and driving mechanism remain unclear. Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback can potentially accelerate cool galactic outflows via cosmic rays (CR) and radiation pressure on dust. Here we investigate the relative importance of CR and radiation feedback in AGNs, and we analyse the physical conditions for outflow launching as a function of the black hole accretion flow mode. We assume CRs from AGN jet origin and consider the analogy with Galactic X-ray binaries, whereby the jet is prominent at low accretion rates (har…
The physical origin of optical flares following GRB 110205A and the nature of the outflow
GRB 110205A的光辐射由两个耀斑区分。在这项工作中，我们研究了两种可能的情况下的光学余辉发射。在第一种情况下，第一个光学耀斑是主外流的反向激波发射，第二个是由中央发动机的长期活动提供动力。然而，我们发现，除非伽玛暴效率很高（$\sim 0.95$），否则很难合理地解释后期（$t>0.1$日）的余辉数据。在第二种情况下，第一个光学耀斑是低能瞬发辐射，第二个是初始外流的反向激波。在这种情况下，我们可以解释晚余辉发射自洽。反激波区可能是弱磁化的，第二次光学耀斑的衰减可能是由高纬发射主导的，这可能是伴随着快速衰减的强偏振演化，如Fan等人在2008年提出的。RINGO 2型旋光仪的时间分辨旋光将直接检验我们的预测。
We present late-time radio/millimeter (as well as optical/UV and X-ray) detections of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018hyz, spanning $970 - 1300$ d after optical discovery. In conjunction with earlier deeper limits, including at $\approx 700$ d, our observations reveal rapidly rising emission at $0.8-240$ GHz, steeper than $F_ν\propto t^5$ relative to the time of optical discovery. Such a steep rise cannot be explained in any reasonable scenario of an outflow launched at the time of disruption (e.g., off-axis jet, sudden increase in the ambient density), and instead points to a delayed l…
Luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs) such as AT2018cow form a rare class of engine-powered explosions of uncertain origin. A hallmark feature of these events is radio/millimeter synchrotron emission powered by the interaction of fast (v > 0.1 c) ejecta and dense circumstellar material (CSM) extending to large radii > 1e16 cm surrounding the progenitor. Assuming this CSM to be an outflow from the progenitor, we show that dust grains up to ~1 micron in size can form in the outflow in the years before the explosion. This dusty CSM would attenuate the transient's ultraviolet (UV) emissio…
During the final stages of a compact object merger, if at least one of the binary components is a magnetized neutron star (NS), then its orbital motion substantially expands the NS's open magnetic flux -- and hence increases its wind luminosity -- relative to that of an isolated pulsar. As the binary orbit shrinks due to gravitational radiation, the power and speed of this binary-induced inspiral wind may (depending on pair loading) secularly increase, leading to self-interaction and internal shocks in the outflow beyond the binary orbit. The magnetized forward shock can generate coherent radi…
Delayed radio emission in tidal disruption events from collisions of outflows driven by disk instabilities
The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学研究所天文台）；Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University（西北大学天体物理交叉探索与研究中心）；Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), School of Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学理科系研究科早期宇宙研究中心）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校物理与天文学系）
