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arXiv 2303.09714astro-ph.HE
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大质量球状星团47 Tuccino中的周期性X射线源:动力学形成的激变变星的证据

Periodic X-ray sources in the Massive Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae: Evidence for Dynamically Formed Cataclysmic Variables

Tong Bao, Zhiyuan Li, Zhongqun Cheng

摘要:

我们提出了一个系统的研究周期性X射线源的大规模球状星团47 Tuc,利用深档案钱德拉观测,解决集群核心和最近可用的eROSITA观测,覆盖集群外围。应用Gregory-Loredo算法,我们检测了18个X射线源中的20个周期信号,范围在205-95731秒之间。在X射线波段新发现了14个周期。根据X射线的时间和光谱特性以及多波段信息,我们将这些周期源分为4个静止的低质量X射线双星、1个毫秒脉冲星、2个日冕活动双星和11个激变变星。尽管小样本受到潜在的选择偏见对微弱和非磁性的CV,11个CV一起定义的轨道周期分布显着不同的CV以前发现的太阳附近和银河系的隆起。特别是,在47 Tuc中存在明显缺乏的短周期CV低于周期间隙,这可能是由于非磁性CV的高占有率。这47颗Tuc CV的另一个特点是,有过多的长周期CV,有一个亚巨星施主,在周期间隙内有相当一部分CV,以及陡峭的径向表面密度分布。这些最好理解为最近通过致密星团核心中的动力学相互作用形成的一组CV。尽管X射线数据具有足够的灵敏度,但在半光半径的三分之一和潮汐半径之间只发现了一个周期源,其性质尚不清楚。

英文摘要:

We present a systematic study of periodic X-ray sources in the massive globular cluster 47 Tuc, utilizing deep archival Chandra observations that resolve the cluster core and recently available eROSITA observations that cover the cluster outskirt. By applying the Gregory-Loredo algorithm, we detect 20 periodic signals among 18 X-ray sources, ranging between 205-95731 second. Fourteen periods are newly discovered in the X-ray band. We classify these periodic sources into four quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries, one milli-second pulsar, two coronally-active binaries and eleven cataclysmic variables (CVs), based on their X-ray temporal and spectral properties, as well as multi-band information. Despite a small sample subject to potential selection bias against faint and non-magnetic CVs, the 11 CVs together define an orbital period distribution significantly different from that of the CVs previously found in the solar neighborhood and the Galactic bulge. In particular, there exists in 47 Tuc an apparent paucity of short-period CVs below the period gap, which might be attributed to a high occupation fraction of non-magnetic CVs. Also characteristic of the 47 Tuc CVs are an overabundance of long-period CVs with a subgiant donor, a substantial fraction of CVs within the period gap, and a steep radial surface density profile. These are best understood as a group of CVs having recently formed via dynamical interactions in the dense cluster core. Despite sufficient sensitivity of the X-ray data, only one periodic source is found between one-third of the half-light radius and the tidal radius, the nature of which is unclear.

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