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arXiv 2303.08461quant-ph
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利用近期量子计算机模拟预热化

Simulating prethermalization using near-term quantum computers

Yilun Yang, Arthur Christianen, Sandra Coll-Vinent, Vadim Smelyanskiy, Mari Carmen Bañuls, Thomas E. O'Brien, Dominik S. Wild, J. Ignacio Cirac

AI总结:

本文提出一种在近期量子计算机上利用粗略 Trotter 分解和存活概率误差缓解方案模拟预热化的实验协议,并在二维 XY 模型上验证了其实现量子优势的可行性。

摘要:

量子模拟是量子计算机最有前景的科学应用之一。然而,由于当前设备中的退相干和噪声,在经典计算机难以处理的范围内执行数字量子模拟仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种实验协议,用于在近期数字量子计算机上探测动力学和平衡性质。作为我们工作的一个关键要素,我们表明,即使对感兴趣的哈密顿量演化采用相对粗略的 Trotter 分解,也有可能研究热化现象。尽管步长过大,无法对 Trotter 误差给出严格界限,但我们观察到系统按照先前 Floquet 系统的结果发生预热化。其动力学在很长时间内都与 Trotter 化所对应模型的热化行为高度相似。我们通过开发一种基于存活概率测量与重新标定的误差缓解方案,扩展了该方法的适用范围。为了证明整个协议的有效性,我们将其应用于二维 XY 模型,并使用超导量子器件的现实噪声参数对其性能进行了数值验证。因此,我们的方案为在凝聚态物理相关问题中实现量子优势提供了一条途径。

英文摘要:

Quantum simulation is one of the most promising scientific applications of quantum computers. Due to decoherence and noise in current devices, it is however challenging to perform digital quantum simulation in a regime that is intractable with classical computers. In this work, we propose an experimental protocol for probing dynamics and equilibrium properties on near-term digital quantum computers. As a key ingredient of our work, we show that it is possible to study thermalization even with a relatively coarse Trotter decomposition of the Hamiltonian evolution of interest. Even though the step size is too large to permit a rigorous bound on the Trotter error, we observe that the system prethermalizes in accordance with previous results for Floquet systems. The dynamics closely resemble the thermalization of the model underlying the Trotterization up to long times. We extend the reach of our approach by developing an error mitigation scheme based on measurement and rescaling of survival probabilities. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the entire protocol, we apply it to the two-dimensional XY model and numerically verify its performance with realistic noise parameters for superconducting quantum devices. Our proposal thus provides a route to achieving quantum advantage for relevant problems in condensed matter physics.

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