光发射电子等离子体中局域太赫兹场的产生与调控
Generation and control of localized terahertz fields in photoemitted electron plasmas
AI总结：
本文建立了描述飞秒激光诱导微米尺度电子等离子体时空动力学的微观理论，阐明了局域太赫兹场的产生机制及其通过金属形貌和光照条件的调控方法，并解释了超快电子显微镜实验中电子加速对太赫兹场的表征作用。
摘要：
密集的微米尺度电子等离子体，例如强飞秒激光脉冲照射纳米结构金属表面时产生的等离子体，为研究光与物质相互作用、多体现象以及非平衡电荷动力学提供了丰富的平台。除了其基础研究价值外，激光诱导等离子体还具有产生局域太赫兹辐射脉冲的潜力。然而，支配这些等离子体形成与演化的内在机制尚未被充分理解。在此，我们建立了一个全面的微观理论，以可预测的方式描述激光脉冲诱导等离子体的时空动力学。通过对电子发射、金属屏蔽和等离子体云相互作用的详细分析，我们研究了由此产生的太赫兹场的空间、时间和光谱特性，这些特性可以通过金属形貌和光照条件进行广泛调控。我们进一步描述了与飞秒电子束的相互作用，以解释近期的超快电子显微镜实验，其中观测到的电子加速的位置和时间依赖性可用于评估相关的太赫兹场。除了在低频光源设计中的潜在应用外，我们的工作还为微米尺度电子等离子体的产生与动力学及其与超快电子脉冲的相互作用提供了基础性见解。
英文摘要：
Dense micron-sized electron plasmas, such as those generated upon irradiation of nanostructured metallic surfaces by intense femtosecond laser pulses, constitute a rich playground to study light-matter interactions, many-body phenomena, and out-of-equilibrium charge dynamics. Besides their fundamental interest, laser-induced plasmas hold potential for the generation of localized terahertz radiation pulses. However, the underlying mechanisms ruling the formation and evolution of these plasmas is not yet well understood. Here, we develop a comprehensive microscopic theory to predictably describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of laser-pulse-induced plasmas. Through detailed analysis of electron emission, metal screening, and plasma cloud interactions, we investigate the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of the so-generated terahertz fields, which can be extensively controlled through the metal morphology and the illumination conditions. We further describe the interaction with femtosecond electron beams to explain recent ultrafast electron microscopy experiments, whereby the position and temporal dependence of the observed electron acceleration permits assessing the associated terahertz field. Besides its potential application to the design of low-frequency light sources, our work contributes with fundamental insight on the generation and dynamics of micron-scale electron plasmas and their interaction with ultrafast electron pulses.
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