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arXiv 2303.04556astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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242颗演化后恒星的对流蓝移强度

Convective blueshift strengths for 242 evolved stars

F. Liebing, S. V. Jeffers, M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners

AI总结:

本研究针对242颗涵盖多演化阶段的主序后恒星,通过第三特征标度法拟合HARPS光谱数据,发现演化后恒星对流蓝移强于同温主序星且随演化加深增大,亚巨星阶段的对流蓝移极小值为系外行星搜索提供了有利窗口。

摘要:

研究背景:旨在探测径向速度(RV)半振幅为10 cm/s的行星的高精度径向速度巡天面临诸多挑战,其中之一是由恒星米粒组织引发的对流蓝移及其受磁活动的抑制效应,该效应在恒星抖动中对行星信号的掩盖起着重要作用。研究目的:此前我们发现,对于主序星而言,作为恒星表面附近对流强度观测代理的对流蓝移强烈依赖于有效温度;本研究针对242颗主序后恒星展开,涵盖亚巨星、红巨星和渐近巨星分支阶段,通过经验方法确定对流蓝移随恒星演化推进的变化规律。研究方法:我们采用第三特征标度方法,将对流蓝移的太阳模型拟合至由叠加HARPS光谱构成的样本的吸收线位移测量结果,样本温度范围为3750 K至6150 K,并将结果与温度相近但表面重力更高的主序星进行对比。研究结果:我们发现,与温度相近的主序星相比,演化后恒星的对流蓝移显著更强;这种差异随恒星演化程度加深而增大,对于演化程度最高的恒星,在温度低于4300 K时对流蓝移强度可达主序星的5倍。本研究的大样本恒星数量首次让我们得以通过经验证明,在整个演化后恒星样本中,对流蓝移几乎保持恒定,强度大致与太阳对流相当,从红巨星阶段起略有上升。我们还发现亚巨星的对流蓝移存在局部极小值,利用亚巨星转变阶段的自转减慢特性,这一区间成为大质量恒星周围系外行星搜索的最佳窗口。

英文摘要:

Context. Extreme precision radial velocity (RV) surveys seeking to detect planets at RV semi-amplitudes of 10 cm/s are facing numerous challenges. One of those challenges is convective blueshift caused by stellar granulation and its suppression through magnetic activity which plays a significant role in hiding planetary signals in stellar jitter. Aims. Previously we found that for main sequence stars, convective blueshift as an observational proxy for the strength of convection near the stellar surface strongly depends on effective temperature. In this work we investigate 242 post main sequence stars, covering the subgiant, red giant, and asymptotic giant phases and empirically determine the changes in convective blueshift with advancing stellar evolution. Methods. We used the third signature scaling approach to fit a solar model for the convective blueshift to absorption-line shift measurements from a sample of coadded HARPS spectra, ranging in temperature from 3750 K to 6150 K. We compare the results to main sequence stars of comparable temperatures but with a higher surface gravity. Results. We show that convective blueshift becomes significantly stronger for evolved stars compared to main sequence stars of a similar temperature. The difference increases as the star becomes more evolved, reaching a 5x increase below 4300 K for the most evolved stars. The large number of stars in the sample, for the first time, allowed for us to empirically show that convective blueshift remains almost constant among the entire evolved star sample at roughly solar convection strength with a slight increase from the red giant phase onward. We discover that the convective blueshift shows a local minimum for subgiant stars, presenting a sweet spot for exoplanet searches around higher mass stars, by taking advantage of their spin-down during the subgiant transition.

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