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arXiv 2303.04412astro-ph.HE
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非凡吸积事件 AT2021lwx 的多波段观测

Multiwavelength observations of the extraordinary accretion event AT2021lwx

P. Wiseman, Y. Wang, S. Hönig, N. Castro-Segura, P. Clark, C. Frohmaier, M. D. Fulton, G. Leloudas, M. Middleton, T. E. Müller-Bravo, A. Mummery, M. Pursiainen,… 展开作者

P. Wiseman, Y. Wang, S. Hönig, N. Castro-Segura, P. Clark, C. Frohmaier, M. D. Fulton, G. Leloudas, M. Middleton, T. E. Müller-Bravo, A. Mummery, M. Pursiainen, S. J. Smartt, K. Smith, M. Sullivan, J. P. Anderson, J. A. Acosta Pulido, P. Charalampopoulos, M. Banerji, M. Dennefeld, L. Galbany, M. Gromadzki, C. P. Gutiérrez, N. Ihanec, E. Kankare, A. Lawrence, B. Mockler, T. Moore, M. Nicholl, F. Onori, T. Petrushevska, F. Ragosta, S. Rest, M. Smith, T. Wevers, R. Carini, T. -W. Chen, K. Chambers, H. Gao, M. Huber, C. Inserra, E. Magnier, L. Makrygianni, M. Toy, F. Vincentelli, D. R. Young

AI总结:

本文通过多波段观测研究迄今最剧烈的非类星体瞬变源 AT2021lwx,提出其极端光度和长时标最可能源于休眠黑洞吸积巨分子云,拓展了黑洞吸积的已知情景。

摘要:

我们展示了迄今观测到的最剧烈的非类星体瞬变源 AT2021lwx 从 X 射线到中红外波段的数据。我们的数据显示其光学亮度单次增亮超过 100 倍,达到 7×10^45 erg s^-1 的光度,总辐射能量为 1.5×10^53 erg,两者均超过任何已知的光学瞬变源。其衰减过程平滑且呈指数形式,紫外-光学光谱能量分布近似于温度为 1.2×10^4 K 的黑体。初步的 X 射线探测表明存在第二种发射机制,而延迟出现的中红外耀发则指向瞬变源周围存在尘埃。其光谱与最近在已知活动星系核中发现的光学耀发相似,但缺少某些特征性谱线特征。此前七年没有发射记录,这与类星体中观测到的短期随机变率不一致;同时,该瞬变源极端的亮度和超长时标也不利于单一太阳质量恒星被潮汐瓦解的解释。该光度可能由一颗质量大得多的恒星被瓦解产生,但此类事件发生的概率很小。一个合理的图景是一团巨分子云被一个质量为 10^8–10^9 倍太阳质量的休眠黑洞吸积。因此,AT2021lwx 代表了已知黑洞吸积情景的一种极端延伸。

英文摘要:

We present observations from X-ray to mid-infrared wavelengths of the most energetic non-quasar transient ever observed, AT2021lwx. Our data show a single optical brightening by a factor $>100$ to a luminosity of $7\times10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$, and a total radiated energy of $1.5\times10^{53}$ erg, both greater than any known optical transient. The decline is smooth and exponential and the ultra-violet - optical spectral energy distribution resembles a black body with temperature $1.2\times10^4$ K. Tentative X-ray detections indicate a secondary mode of emission, while a delayed mid-infrared flare points to the presence of dust surrounding the transient. The spectra are similar to recently discovered optical flares in known active galactic nuclei but lack some characteristic features. The lack of emission for the previous seven years is inconsistent with the short-term, stochastic variability observed in quasars, while the extreme luminosity and long timescale of the transient disfavour the disruption of a single solar-mass star. The luminosity could be generated by the disruption of a much more massive star, but the likelihood of such an event occurring is small. A plausible scenario is the accretion of a giant molecular cloud by a dormant black hole of $10^8 - 10^9$ solar masses. AT2021lwx thus represents an extreme extension of the known scenarios of black hole accretion.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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